| 2716038 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Pt vegetative mycelium inoculum is also effectively used for operational container seedling inoculations. It's either mixed with container growth media (left container) or layered at desired depths… |
| 2716059 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Procedure for natural regeneration. Examples of mis-timed operations. Seedbed burn without seed crop, burns up established seedling stand. Site prep. destroys seedling stand. Fire destroys dominant seedlings in early height growth. |
| 2716084 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Conversion of flower & conelet counts to expected number of cones/tree. Conver-sion regressions may differ among observers & locations. Local conversion factors can be developed from accumulated … |
| 2716078 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Larger trees produce more cones, but production per square foot basal area is what counts. |
| 2716102 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Acerage changes in longleaf pine forest types |
| 2716004 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Title- Relative Sensitivity of Longleaf & Loblolly Pines to Environment |
| 2716011 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
propper planting |
| 0013093 |
southern pine beetle |
Dendroctonus frontalis |
|
| 1241682 |
laminated root disease |
Phellinus weirii |
Conks are rare. They grown on a root of fallen stem of a tree killed by laminated root rot. They are thin, leathery when fresh and friable with age, light weight, yellow to cinnamon brown with small pores. |
| 1241639 |
red belt abiotic damage |
|
|
| 2733022 |
fusiform rust |
Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme |
rust hazard map for the southeast United States |
| 2733023 |
fusiform rust |
Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme |
rust hazard map for the southeast United States |
| 2733014 |
white pine weevil |
Pissodes strobi |
terminal weevil feeding |
| 2250005 |
Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe |
Arceuthobium douglasii |
on Douglas-fir |
| 0949028 |
lodgepole needleminer |
Coleotechnites milleri |
|
| 2715022 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Pole-size natural stand |
| 0364080 |
Phytophthora root and crown rots |
Phytophthora spp. |
on Fraser fir in nursery |
| 0364015 |
Rhabdocline needlecasts |
Rhabdocline spp. |
symptoms on blue spruce |
| 2715046 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
dense regeneration cohort |
| 2714099 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Coastal Plain stand |
| 4212039 |
white pine weevil |
Pissodes strobi |
terminal demonstrating characteristic "shepherd's crook" on jack pine |
| 2714096 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
open pine-grassland stand |
| 2715008 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
natural stand |
| 1241575 |
fir needle cast |
Isthmiella abietis |
Fruiting bodies (hysterothecia) of Isthmiella abietis (needle cast) on midrib of subalpine fir needles. |
| 1241642 |
frost and winter injury (general) |
|
Frost damage occured during bud break. |
| 4215070 |
fir broom rust |
Melampsorella caryophyllacearum |
broom |
| 2733059 |
fusiform rust |
Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme |
trunk canker |
| 2733025 |
Phytophthora root rot |
Phytophthora cinnamomi |
fading crowns, numerous cones, and short stunted needles and twigs |
| 2733009 |
Ips engraver beetles |
Ips spp. |
adult egg galleries |
| 4213044 |
sweet fern blister rust |
Cronartium comptoniae |
canker on stem |
| 2733054 |
annosum root disease |
Heterobasidion annosum |
stringy decay of diseased root |
| 1241456 |
roundheaded pine beetle |
Dendroctonus adjunctus |
Long, vertical egg galleries with eggs deposited at intervals along their lengths. |
| 2733008 |
Ips engraver beetles |
Ips spp. |
feed out in a fan pattern away from the adult gallery |
| 1241457 |
roundheaded pine beetle |
Dendroctonus adjunctus |
Larval mines radiating horizontally. |
| 1241667 |
annosum root disease |
Heterobasidion annosum |
These young ponderosa pines have been killed by annosus root disease. The hollow pine stump is a good indicator of annosus root disease root disease in this stand. Infected roots of this stump may extend 50 feet or more from the stump base. |
| 1361021 |
white pine weevil |
Pissodes strobi |
When terminal branch is killed, it is replaced by an adjacent branch, which results in a crooked or forked stem. |
| 2634073 |
Scleroderris canker of pine and spruce |
Gremmeniella abietina |
orange needle bases found, May and June |
| 1241614 |
lodgepole pine needle cast |
Lophodermella concolor |
Fruiting bodies, produced during bud break, are the same color as the dead needles, giving the needles a warty appearance. |
| 1241586 |
larch needle cast |
Hypodermella laricis |
Larch needle blight causes needles to droop on branches turning red the first year. |
| 2634074 |
juniper blight |
Cercospora sequoiae junipera |
close-up view of windbreak |
| 2634072 |
Diplodia tip blight |
Diplodia pinastri |
large pine with killed shoots |
| 2634062 |
Rhizosphaera needle cast |
Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii |
general view showing typical pattern/color |
| 1241587 |
larch needle cast |
Hypodermella laricis |
Black dots of fruiting bodies form in midsummer on needles. |
| 2634081 |
white pine blister rust |
Cronartium ribicola |
close-up view of canker margin |
| 1241458 |
roundheaded pine beetle |
Dendroctonus adjunctus |
Larvae mining in the bark of a ponderosa pine in the later stages of development. |
| 2733028 |
brown spot needle blight of pine |
Mycosphaerella dearnessii |
severe infection of grass stage seedling |
| 1241584 |
Delphinella shoot blight |
Delphinella abietis |
Needle tips as well as shoots are killed in Delphinella shoot blight. |
| 2733052 |
annosum root disease |
Heterobasidion annosum |
trees infected with root rot can be distinguished from healthy trees by their pale green color (infected tree on left) |
| 2714087 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
natural stand |
| 1241755 |
bear |
Ursus spp. |
Claw marks from bear marking trees are distinct when fresh. Callous ridges may develop if the cambium has been damaged. |
| 1241739 |
fir and spruce canker |
|
Fir and spruce cankers are easily diagnosed by cutting away the bark. An abrupt margin is seen between dead and live cambium. |
| 1241673 |
Armillaria root rot |
Armillaria solidipes |
Even seedlings have mycellium fans in the root or root collar cambium. |
| 1241714 |
white pine blister rust |
Cronartium ribicola |
Rust causes orange or yellow discoloration of thin bark of young trees. |
| 0355051 |
southern cone rust |
Cronartium strobilinum |
Aecia on swollen, infected cone |
| 1241593 |
larch casebearer |
Coleophora laricella |
Larvae overwinter in cases attached to branch nodes and buds. |
| 2714098 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Piedmont-mountain stand |
| 1241576 |
fir needle cast |
Lirula abietis-concoloris |
Lirula abietis (needle cast) fruiting bodies (hysterothecia) on midrib of undersides of grand fir needles. |
| 2715051 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
|
| 2715056 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
ground broadcast of seed |
| 2715057 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
preparing for broadcast of seed by air |
| 2715058 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
row sedding by machine |
| 2715059 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
two-row seeding machine |
| 2715060 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
seed hopper treating seeds with insecticide during planting |
| 2715061 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
row-hand: automatic dispenser, also for spot seeding |
| 2715062 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
spot seeding: rake and dispenser |
| 2715064 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
longleaf seeds, : full seeds (right), empty seeds (left)
(note size of hila) |
| 2715067 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
treated seeds |
| 2715068 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
treating large batch of seed with pesticide |
| 2715072 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
row seeding: mean distance between established seedlings within row, mean distance between rows |
| 2715092 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
map of Ga showing longleaf--slash |
| 2715093 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
longleaf after prescribed fire |
| 2715094 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
longleaf after prescribed fire |
| 2716005 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
map- Southeastern United States |
| 2716006 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
The Five Components of Successful Longleaf Pine Planting |
| 2716039 |
ectomycorrhizae |
Pisolithus tinctorius |
Example of Pt ectomycorrhizae development from Pt vegetative mycelium artificial nursery seedbed inoculations (seedlings on right) as compared with routine development of naturally occurring … |
| 2716043 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Example of row-seeded, precision-sown L.L. seedlings with highly-controlled nursery seedbed density fo approximately 12 seedling/sq. ft. These seedlings were spring sown in Mar & more than 90% had an RCD of .4 in. or larger at following January lifting date, Seedlings were less than 10 mon. old at lifting date. |
| 2716045 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
The recently modified summit precision seed sower for operational sowing of L.L. pine seeds. Seeeds are sown in double rows/seed drill with controlled density and spacing between seeds/row. Highest… |
| 2716046 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
The summit precision seed sower vacuum drum. The L.L. seed are held on the seed drum by a continuous vacuum applied inside the drum. Desired seed spacing is achieved through equallly spaced holes… |
| 2716047 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Example of precision-sown L.L. pine seed in nursery seedbed. Note the double-row per seed drill pattern with the offset seed locations between each of the double rows. This precision sowing design .. |
| 2716058 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Requirements for longleaf natural regeneration. |
| 2716017 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Lateral root pruner used in row-seeded L.L. pine seedlings. Operational recommenda-tions include 2 lateral root prunings (Aug. & Oct.) during the growing season. Seed-lings are root pruned … |
| 2716018 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Example of successful lateral root pruning in L.L. pine seedbed. Note the narrow row widths (4 to 6 inches), coulter cutting depths, and lack of seedling damage and seedbed surface soil disturbance. |
| 2716019 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Horizontal root pruning conducted at 6" to 8 " soil depth inconjuction with the lateral root pruning. Horizontal root pruning dept depends on seedling root length (i.e., 6" in Aug. & 8" in Oct.). |
| 2716023 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
The Benlate/clay/water mixture can be sprayed on the seeling roots either during lifting & packing at nursery or just prior to field planting. Recommended rates are 5% & 1% Benlate/dry clay … |
| 2716024 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Recently developed modification to stand-ard field planting machine that affords direct application of Benlate fungicides in mixtures with water absorbent materials, fertilizer, etc., … |
| 2716026 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
L.L. pine seedlings, with larger root systems & absence of stems, require custom seedling lifting procedures. Recently developed custom lifting machines such as the Fobro lifter have provided … |
| 2716027 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
The most widely used seedling packing containers in southern nurseries are the Kraft, plastic-lined (KP) bags. L.L. seedlings can be satisfactorily packed, stored, & shipped in these bags. … |
| 2716028 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Machine planting has been the most satisfactory planting procedure for L.L. pine seedling. The longer taproot requires a deeper planting hole than other shorter-rooted southern yellow pines. … |
| 2716032 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Solid tarp soil fumigation. Preferred type of fumigation using recommended and EPA registered methyl bromide-chloropicrin fumigant formulations. |
| 2716033 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Alternate strip type soil fumigation. Used under windy conditions and when solid tarp equipment is not available. |
| 2716037 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Pt ectomycorrhizal fungus vegetative mycelium inoculum applicator for bare-root nurseries. This machine bands the inoculum in 2 inch wide bands and at desired depths in nursery seedbeds with a 67% … |
| 2716086 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Well-prepared seedbed ideal, but this intensity not very practical. |
| 2716087 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Seedbed burn, winter through late summer before seedfall in October-November. |
| 2716088 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
If based on springtime conelet counts, will be growing season burn. |
| 2716089 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
If residual small hardwood & brush a problem, then herbicide plus burn may be helpful. Here a spring herbicide foliar spray was followed by a summer burn (brown & burn). This stand - a year after initial treatment |
| 2716092 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Conduct annual seedling stocking survey in winter. Begin immed. after seed cut. Regeneration may already be present. Sample minimum of 100 nested milacre--1/4-acre plots throughout regeneration area. |
| 2716093 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Recommended riterion for success - 6,000 or more seedlihngs/acre (& 75%+ milacre stocking). This will absorb logging losses up to 1/2 the stand & leave enough seedlings that the superior 10-20% … |
| 2716094 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Seedlings in mid-June, with secondary (fascicled) needles. |
| 2716098 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Once acceptable seedling stand is established, the parent overstory can be removed (final harvest of crop). |
| 2716062 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Early natural regeneration attempts used the seed-tree method, 6-10 trees/acre. Disadv. site not occupied, brush invasion, too few seeds, too little needle litter fuel. |
| 2716068 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
If present, hardwood midstory/understory must be removed. |
| 2716069 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Merchantable hardwood removed, including fuelwood whips. Large residuals, if any, deadened. |
| 2716070 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Midstory removed in fuelwood harvest of 16 to 20 green tons/acre. |
| 2716072 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Small woody stems (including sprouts) can be controlled with growing season burns. |
| 2716073 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Following summer burn. |
| 2716074 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Well-managed stands, periodically thinned and regularly prescribed burned, should not need preparatory cut and related hardwood control. |
| 2716077 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Favor trees with past history of cone production. Normally, 750 or more cones/acre are needed for regeneration. |
| 2715045 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
|
| 2716106 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Intraspecific competition. L.L. expresses dominance better than other s. pines, due largely to differences in time of initiating emergence from the grass stage. In case of over-dense stands of … |
| 2716081 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Springtime binocular counts of flowers and conelets (and cones). In regeneration area mark about 50 typical trees for annual counts. |
| 2716083 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
L.L. flowers & "conelets" in late April, correct stage for binocular count. All visible flowers & "conelets" are counted from a single position with view of entire crown. Cones from preceding … |
| 3225033 |
southern pine beetle |
Dendroctonus frontalis |
aerial view of spot with direction of movement indicated |
| 2715007 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
seedling germination in fall |
| 0364079 |
ectomycorrhizae |
Pisolithus tinctorius |
ectomycorrhizal short roots |
| 1361012 |
checkered beetle |
Thanasimus dubius |
|
| 1361134 |
annosum root disease |
Heterobasidion annosum |
Conk at base of tree |
| 1361013 |
Ips engraver beetles |
Ips spp. |
Ips-bottom, southern pine beetle-top |
| 1241740 |
fir and spruce canker |
|
Valsa and Leucostoma occasionally cause cankers on large stems. |
| 1241743 |
Lachnellula canker |
Lachnellula flavovirens |
Lachnellula canker causing topkill of a larch sapling. |
| 1241751 |
bear |
Ursus spp. |
A bear has stripped the bark and cambium from this young tree. Vertical grooves are evident. |
| 1241602 |
elegant weevil |
Pachyrhinus elegans |
Damage sometimes appears as round puncture holes. |
| 1241607 |
pine needle cast |
Lophodermium nitens |
Needle casts and blights are most evident in lower crowns of trees. In severe infections such as this all except the current season's foliage are gone or dead. This is lophodermium nitens on western white pine. |
| 1241705 |
lodgepole cone beetle |
Conophthorus ponderosae |
Powdered contents of cone in which cone beetles have developed. |
| 1241719 |
white pine blister rust |
Cronartium ribicola |
Spindle-shaped swelling is an early indication of branch infections. This infection is also sporulating. |
| 1241720 |
white pine blister rust |
Cronartium ribicola |
Spores are produced within the blisters. |
| 1241736 |
cone worms |
Dioryctria spp. |
Pitch mass under a branch node. |
| 1241585 |
brown felt blight |
Herpotrichia juniperi |
Brown felt blight produces a thick mat of gray to dark brown mycelium on foliage that was buried under snow. |
| 1241591 |
larch casebearer |
Coleophora laricella |
Larch casebearer larvae extend from protective cases to mine needles. As the larvae feed, the hollow needle tips droop. |
| 1241580 |
fir needle rusts |
Pucciniastrum spp. |
Fir needle rusts fruit on 1-yr old needles. |
| 1241582 |
fir needle rusts |
Pucciniastrum spp. |
Yellow-white columns of aecial pustules are produced on the undersides of needles. |
| 1241618 |
pandora moth |
Coloradia pandora |
Pandora moth larvae are brown to greenish-yellow. |
| 1241620 |
pandora moth |
Coloradia pandora |
Pandora moths pupate in the soil beneath host trees. |
| 1241621 |
pandora moth |
Coloradia pandora |
Male pandora moths have feathery antennae. |
| 1241622 |
pandora moth |
Coloradia pandora |
Females have narrow antennae. |
| 1241630 |
pinyon needle scale |
Matsucoccus acalyptus |
Pinon foliage with larvae of pinon leaf scale. |
| 1241632 |
pinyon needle scale |
Matsucoccus acalyptus |
Foliage loss and discoloration due to pinon leaf scale. |
| 1241638 |
red belt abiotic damage |
|
Redbelt damage midslope on this hillside was conspicuous in the early spring. |
| 1241572 |
Douglas-fir needle midge |
Contarinia pseudotsugae |
Needles infested with Douglas-fir needle midge have swellings or galls which are discolored yellow or red. |
| 1241492 |
dwarf mistletoes |
Arceuthobium spp. |
Infections cause spindle-shaped swellings on branches and small stems. Dwarf mistletoe shoots begin to sprout in the spring. |
| 1241493 |
larch dwarf mistletoe |
Arceuthobium laricis |
Dwarf mistletoe infections cause spindle-shaped swellings on branches and small stems. Dwarf mistletoe shoots begin to sprout in the spring eventually forming clusters of shoots as seen in this plant. |
| 1241522 |
aphids |
|
|
| 1241529 |
indian paint fungus |
Echinodontium tinctorium |
Conks have an orange-red context and gray teeth projecting down. They form beneath branches. |
| 1241536 |
red heart of pine |
Phellinus pini |
Advanced decay has solid brown wood between white, spindle-shaped pockets. |
| 1241537 |
red heart of pine |
Phellinus pini |
Pini rot is often indicated by swollen knots on the stem which have a brown, punky interior. |
| 1241538 |
red heart of pine |
Phellinus pini |
Pini rot is often indicated by swollen knots on the stem which have a brown, punky interior. |
| 1241539 |
laminated root disease |
Phellinus weirii |
Laminated butt rot in western redcedar log forms concentric rings of decay. |
| 0016371 |
herbicides (general) |
|
Spot spray herbicide treatments around individual seedlings |
| 2714088 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
overlay on native range map showing physiographic regions |
| 2714095 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
sandhill site with hardwood associates |
| 2714086 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
native range |
| 2714097 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
Piedmont-Mountain stand |
| 2715023 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
fire used to control competition |
| 2715024 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
natural regenetation (marked by white cards) beneath pine overstory |
| 2715025 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
seedling stand developing in overstory opening |
| 2715031 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
fire used during growing season to reduce competition |
| 2715032 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
stand immediately following burn |
| 2715033 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
understory controlled by frequent burns |
| 2715009 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
recently germinated seed |
| 2715010 |
fire |
|
backing fire for competition control |
| 2715012 |
fire |
|
seedling after dormant season backing fire |
| 2715013 |
fire |
|
seedling after dormant season backing fire; note bud was protected from heat damage by surrounding needles which were consumed |
| 2715014 |
fire |
|
young sapling stand |
| 2715015 |
fire |
|
seedling in active height growth stage after low intensity backing fire |
| 2715016 |
fire |
|
height growth after burn; note older brown fire-scorched needles |
| 2715017 |
fire |
|
seedling with needles consumed in burn but bud still living |
| 2715019 |
fire |
|
sprouting from base of fire damage seedling |
| 2715020 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
seedlings in active height growth |
| 2715021 |
longleaf pine |
Pinus palustris |
hand planting bareroot seedlings on a former longleaf site |
| 2733024 |
fusiform rust |
Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme |
on bareroot nursery seedlings |
| 2733053 |
annosum root disease |
Heterobasidion annosum |
root sprung or wind thrown trees indicate
root rot |
| 2733055 |
annosum root disease |
Heterobasidion annosum |
conks at base of tree |
| 2733056 |
annosum root disease |
Heterobasidion annosum |
Distribution of root rot in the southeastern United States. Red indicates high hazard soils. Blue indicates moderately hazard soils. |
| 2733057 |
annosum root disease |
Heterobasidion annosum |
treating stumps with borax |
| 0284025 |
southern pine beetle |
Dendroctonus frontalis |
1.5 mm x 1 mm in size |
| 0364027 |
brown spot needle blight of pine |
Mycosphaerella dearnessii |
prescribed burn for the control of brown spot (after) |
| 4178048 |
black turpentine beetle |
Dendroctonus terebrans |
pitch tube |
| 4178049 |
black turpentine beetle |
Dendroctonus terebrans |
pitch tube |
| 0949064 |
spruce spider mite |
Oligonychus ununguis |
|
| 0949065 |
spruce spider mite |
Oligonychus ununguis |
|
| 0485016 |
Nantucket pine tip moth |
Rhyacionia frustrana |
|
| 0364020 |
Lophodermium needle casts |
Lophodermium spp. |
close-up view |
| 0364026 |
brown spot needle blight of pine |
Mycosphaerella dearnessii |
prescribed burn for the control of brown spot (before) |
