| 1573651 |
unknown fungi |
|
Close up of spots on grape leaf. Disease not identified, but is likely common. July 1997 |
| 5492804 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
|
| 5487920 |
bacterial leaf scorch |
Xylella fastidiosa |
Vitis vinifera 'Chardonnay'
Failure of green shoot tissue to mature normally to mature, dark brown appearance. |
| 5487916 |
bacterial leaf scorch |
Xylella fastidiosa |
Vitis vinifera 'Chardonnay'
Leaf scorch and chlorosis. This sample was co-diseased with Downy Mildew. |
| 5487917 |
bacterial leaf scorch |
Xylella fastidiosa |
Vitis vinifera 'Chardonnay'
Leaf scorch and chlorosis
This sample was co-diseased with Downy Mildew |
| 5487918 |
bacterial leaf scorch |
Xylella fastidiosa |
Vitis vinifera 'Chardonnay'
Green tissue ("green island") on shoot adjacent to normally matured wood and "matchstick" petiole. |
| 5487919 |
bacterial leaf scorch |
Xylella fastidiosa |
Vitis vinifera 'Chardonnay'
Failure of green shoot tissue to mature normally to mature, dark brown appearance. |
| 5487921 |
bacterial leaf scorch |
Xylella fastidiosa |
Vitis vinifera 'Chardonnay'
Green tissue ("green island")on shoot adjacent to normally matured wood and "matchstick" petiole. |
| 5487922 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Vitis vinifera 'Chardonnay'
Sporulation on underside of leaf |
| 1318014 |
grape |
Vitis spp. |
|
| 1318025 |
grape |
Vitis spp. |
Delaware x Gor Ross grape. |
| 1318012 |
grape |
Vitis spp. |
Bachman's Grape #309 |
| 1318013 |
grape |
Vitis spp. |
|
| 5485035 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Infected fruit with obvious signs |
| 5485034 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Tips of sporangiophore |
| 5485032 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Sporangium |
| 5485033 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Sporangium |
| 5485031 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Sporangiophores |
| 5485030 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Sporangiophores |
| 5485029 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Sporangia evident on infected fruit |
| 5485028 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Pathogen emerging from infected fruit |
| 5469964 |
common yarrow |
Achillea millefolium |
Basal fruit attachment scar on two fruit disseminules. Note the pair of protrusions within each cup-like scar. |
| 5467364 |
orange slime |
Cryptococcus macerans |
Cryptococcus macerans is a basidiomycete yeast |
| 5467365 |
orange slime |
Cryptococcus macerans |
Cryptococcus macerans is a basidiomycete yeast |
| 5467362 |
orange slime |
Cryptococcus macerans |
Cryptococcus macerans is a basidiomycete yeast |
| 5467363 |
orange slime |
Cryptococcus macerans |
Cryptococcus macerans is a basidiomycete yeast |
| 5467361 |
orange slime |
Cryptococcus macerans |
Cryptococcus macerans is a basidiomycete yeast |
| 5467360 |
orange slime |
Cryptococcus macerans |
Cryptococcus macerans is a basidiomycete yeast |
| 5479844 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Sporulation on underside of leafcultivar is 'Buffalo' |
| 5479845 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Sporulation is on underside of leafcultivar is 'Buffalo' |
| 5479846 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Sporulation on underside of leafcultivar is 'Buffalo' |
| 5479847 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Symptoms on underside of leafcultivar is 'Buffalo' |
| 5479848 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Sporulation on underside of leafcultivar is 'Buffalo' |
| 2512037 |
grape phylloxera |
Daktulosphaira vitifoliae |
Galls |
| 5359234 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Grapes on a vine - close-up view of the results of pruning and trellising. |
| 5472891 |
grape tube gallmaker |
Schizomyia viticola |
Close-up of lower surface of grape leaf with grape tube galls formed by a midge, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola). |
| 5472904 |
grape tube gallmaker |
Schizomyia viticola |
Close-up upper surface of the grape leaf with one reddish-purple tube gall removed. Formed by a midge, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola). |
| 5472905 |
grape tube gallmaker |
Schizomyia viticola |
Close-up of single reddish-purple tube gall formed by a midge, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola). |
| 5472890 |
grape tube gallmaker |
Schizomyia viticola |
Lower surface of grape leaf with grape tube galls formed by a midge, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola). |
| 5472888 |
grape tube gallmaker |
Schizomyia viticola |
Reddish-purple spikes on upper surface of grape leaf are grape tube galls formed by a midge, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola). |
| 5472889 |
grape tube gallmaker |
Schizomyia viticola |
Reddish-purple spikes on upper surface of grape leaf are grape tube galls formed by a midge, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola). |
| 5472892 |
grape tube gallmaker |
Schizomyia viticola |
Reddish-purple spikes on upper surface of grape leaf are grape tube galls formed by a midge, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola). |
| 5472893 |
grape tube gallmaker |
Schizomyia viticola |
Close-up of reddish-purple spikes on upper surface of grape leaf are grape tube galls formed by a midge, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola). |
| 5472906 |
grape tube gallmaker |
Schizomyia viticola |
Single reddish-purple tube gall split to reveal single, yellow, midge larva, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola) called the grape tube gallmaker. |
| 5472907 |
grape tube gallmaker |
Schizomyia viticola |
Single, yellow midge larva, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola) called the grape tube gallmaker. |
| 5472908 |
grape tube gallmaker |
Schizomyia viticola |
Close-up of single, yellow midge larva, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola) called the grape tube gallmaker. |
| 5469935 |
scarlet pimpernel |
Lysimachia arvensis |
Seeds lying on the largest of the three sides (the apex) showing the relativly smooth hilar region. |
| 5459203 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Cross-section of pycnidium in plant tissue |
| 5461297 |
burning nettle |
Urtica urens |
Close-up of fruit. |
| 5457907 |
scarlet pimpernel |
Lysimachia arvensis |
Close-up of the hilar region. Note lack of tubercles. |
| 5469920 |
Mexican fireweed |
Kochia scoparia |
|
| 5459574 |
Texas filaree |
Erodium texanum |
|
| 5459213 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Symptomatic fruit with pycnidia evident |
| 5459212 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Symptomatic fruit with pycnidia evident |
| 5459211 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Symptomatic fruit with pycnidia evident |
| 5459210 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Symptomatic fruit with pycnidia evident |
| 5459209 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Symptomatic fruit with pycnidia evident |
| 5459208 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Conidia |
| 5459206 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Cross-section showing wall of pycnidium in plant tissue |
| 5459207 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Cross-section of pycnidial wall |
| 5459204 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Cross-section of pycnidium in plant tissue |
| 5459205 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Cross-section of pycnidium in plant tissue |
| 5459201 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Pycnidia evident in leaf spot |
| 5459202 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Cross-section of pycnidium in plant tissue |
| 5459198 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Pycnidia in tissue with conidia extruding |
| 5459197 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Ruptured pycnidia in tissue showing ostioles, top view |
| 5459196 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Pycnidia in tissue showing ostioles, top view |
| 5459670 |
hairy cat's ear |
Hypochaeris radicata |
Lateral view of the apex of the disseminule. Some pappus bristles have been removed. |
| 5458147 |
sticky chickweed |
Cerastium glomeratum |
|
| 5471972 |
Uruguayan pampas grass |
Cortaderia selloana |
Pair of attached male florets, plus sterile apical floret. |
| 5471973 |
Uruguayan pampas grass |
Cortaderia selloana |
Close-up of base of a female floret, ventral view. |
| 5471971 |
Uruguayan pampas grass |
Cortaderia selloana |
Male spikelet with stamens missing but some pollen remaining. |
| 5471970 |
Uruguayan pampas grass |
Cortaderia selloana |
Lateral view of a female floret. |
| 5471968 |
Uruguayan pampas grass |
Cortaderia selloana |
Caryopses in dorsal (left), lateral (middle), and ventral (right) views. Apices at top. |
| 5471969 |
Uruguayan pampas grass |
Cortaderia selloana |
Ventral view of a female floret. Note broken callus. |
| 5471967 |
purple pampasgrass |
Cortaderia jubata |
Close-up of base of floret. Ventral view. |
| 5471965 |
purple pampasgrass |
Cortaderia jubata |
Floret, lateral view. |
| 5471966 |
purple pampasgrass |
Cortaderia jubata |
Floret, dorsal view. |
| 5471964 |
purple pampasgrass |
Cortaderia jubata |
Immature caryopses in dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) views. Note stylar remnants at the apex (right end) of each caryopsis. |
| 5471825 |
Japanese brome |
Bromus japonicus |
Dorsal view of caryopses. The lower one has a broken base. |
| 5471826 |
Japanese brome |
Bromus japonicus |
Ventral view of caryopses, with some hyaline palea tissue remnants. Note weakly inrolled edges. |
| 5471824 |
Japanese brome |
Bromus japonicus |
Close-up of lemma tip showing awn attachment. Note wide hyaline margin on center floret. |
| 5471823 |
Japanese brome |
Bromus japonicus |
Florets. Left to right—ventral view, lateral view and dorsal view. |
| 5465976 |
Italian ryegrass |
Festuca perennis |
Ventral view of three florets with unbroken awns. |
| 5465977 |
Italian ryegrass |
Festuca perennis |
Dorsal view of three florets. Note the location of awn attachment slightly below the apex of the lemma. |
| 5465975 |
Italian ryegrass |
Festuca perennis |
Close-up of awn insertion site on lemma. |
| 5465974 |
Italian ryegrass |
Festuca perennis |
Dorsal view of partially exposed caryopsis showing embryo. |
| 5459697 |
Mexican fireweed |
Kochia scoparia |
Apex (left) and base (right) of two fruits with calyx bracts removed. Note the fragility of the pericarp. |
| 5459698 |
Mexican fireweed |
Kochia scoparia |
Close-up of a seed. Note groove tracing the outline of the perisperm in center of seed. |
| 5459699 |
Mexican fireweed |
Kochia scoparia |
Base of a disseminule with wart-like protrusions on calyx. |
| 5459700 |
Mexican fireweed |
Kochia scoparia |
Lateral view of a disseminule with wing-like protrusions on calyx. |
| 5459696 |
Mexican fireweed |
Kochia scoparia |
Two disseminules with tubercles, two with wings. |
| 5459582 |
spotted spurge |
Euphorbia maculata |
Looking down on the hilar end of two seeds. |
| 5459583 |
spotted spurge |
Euphorbia maculata |
Seeds and fruit fragments. |
| 5459584 |
spotted spurge |
Euphorbia maculata |
Looking down on the chalazal end of two seeds. |
| 5459585 |
spotted spurge |
Euphorbia maculata |
Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of two seeds. Hilum at top. The transverse wrinkles are clear in the dorsal view. |
| 5458198 |
common dodder |
Cuscuta campestris |
Seeds lying on their rounded, non-hilar side. Arrows point to the hilum's vascular scar. |
| 5458199 |
common dodder |
Cuscuta campestris |
Seeds lying with rounded side up and hilar side down. |
| 5458196 |
common dodder |
Cuscuta campestris |
Fruit, including dried perianth. |
| 5458197 |
common dodder |
Cuscuta campestris |
Seeds positioned on edge at an angle so that the hilum points ± straight up. |
| 5458195 |
common dodder |
Cuscuta campestris |
Close-up of seed's surface. |
| 5444767 |
Pacific bentgrass |
Agrostis avenacea |
Ventral view of floret, with hairs still attached. |
| 5444768 |
Pacific bentgrass |
Agrostis avenacea |
Ventral view of floret, after some hairs were removed. |
| 5444769 |
Pacific bentgrass |
Agrostis avenacea |
Part of an inflorescence. |
| 5444766 |
Pacific bentgrass |
Agrostis avenacea |
Lateral view (left) and dorsal view (right) of floret. Note dentate lemma apices. |
| 5444765 |
Pacific bentgrass |
Agrostis avenacea |
Caryopses in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. |
| 5457908 |
scarlet pimpernel |
Lysimachia arvensis |
Seeds in various positions. Note the acute angles on the mostly 3-sided seeds, as well as the “scaly-reticulate” surface. |
| 5457905 |
scarlet pimpernel |
Lysimachia arvensis |
Unopened but mature fruit. Dehiscence is circumscissile, occurring along the equator. |
| 5457906 |
scarlet pimpernel |
Lysimachia arvensis |
Close-up of the star-shaped tubercles on the seed's surface. |
| 5457904 |
scarlet pimpernel |
Lysimachia arvensis |
Looking down at one end of two seeds to show the 3-sided shape. |
| 5469934 |
common cocklebur |
Xanthium strumarium |
Lateral view of a bur with base in lower left corner. Note pair of beaks at the top and numerous hook-tipped spines all over. |
| 5469985 |
purplestamen mullein |
Verbascum virgatum |
Close-up of the reticulations on the seed's surface. |
| 5469984 |
common mullein |
Verbascum thapsus |
Looking down on the hilum at the base of the seed. |
| 5469915 |
white clover |
Trifolium repens |
Face view of seed with hilum in notch along the edge at top. |
| 5469901 |
field pennycress |
Thlaspi arvense |
Face view of seed with hilum at bottom. |
| 5469983 |
feverfew |
Tanacetum parthenium |
Ventral (left) and lateral (right) views of fruits with coroniform pappi at the apex. |
| 5469924 |
wild marigold |
Tagetes minuta |
View of apical scar after pappus scales have been removed. |
| 5469961 |
common chickweed |
Stellaria media |
Face view of seed with hilum at bottom. Inset shows the seed's wider edge (opposite the hilum). |
| 5469982 |
annual sowthistle |
Sonchus oleraceus |
Close-up of fruit surface. |
| 5469900 |
spiny sowthistle |
Sonchus asper |
Fruit with distinctive pappus. |
| 5469960 |
perennial sowthistle |
Sonchus arvensis |
Basal fruit attachment scar, close-up. |
| 5469930 |
perennial sowthistle |
Sonchus arvensis |
Fruit apex with pappus removed from raised collar to show stylar remnant. |
| 5469923 |
purple nightshade |
Solanum xanti |
Face view of seed. Hilum on lower right edge. Note the large amount of whitish pericarp tissue still attached to the seed's surface. |
| 5469902 |
cutleaf nightshade |
Solanum triflorum |
Face view of seed. Hilum on lower right edge. |
| 5469903 |
bluewitch nightshade |
Solanum umbelliferum |
Face view of seed. Hilum on lower right edge. |
| 5469922 |
hairy nightshade |
Solanum physalifolium |
Face view of seed. Hilum on lower right edge. |
| 5469981 |
silverleaf nightshade |
Solanum elaeagnifolium |
Face view of seed. Hilum in notch on lower left edge. |
| 5469914 |
robust horsenettle |
Solanum dimidiatum |
Face view of seed. Hilum on lower right edge. |
| 5469921 |
American black nightshade |
Solanum americanum |
Face view of seed. Hilum on lower left edge. |
| 5469959 |
hedge mustard |
Sisymbrium officinale |
Two seeds. Hilum at bottom. |
| 5469958 |
hedge mustard |
Sisymbrium officinale |
Close-up of seed's surface. |
| 5469957 |
tumble mustard |
Sisymbrium altissimum |
Seeds with hilar region at bottom. Longitudinal grooves mark the division between the radicle (on the left) and the cotyledons on each seed. Note greenish markings on left seed. |
| 5469980 |
blessed milkthistle |
Silybum marianum |
Two views of the same flattened pappus bristle. Left—lying flat, right—lying on edge. |
| 5469933 |
blessed milkthistle |
Silybum marianum |
Looking down on the apex of two fruits. |
| 5469956 |
blessed milkthistle |
Silybum marianum |
Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scar. |
| 5469913 |
English catchfly |
Silene gallica |
Seed in lateral view showing kidney-shaped outline and hilum in marginal notch. |
| 5469979 |
curly dock |
Rumex crispus |
Four fruits with perianth remains removed. Apices pointing up. |
| 5469978 |
cottonbatting plant |
Pseudognaphalium stramineum |
Fruit, close-up, ± lateral view. |
| 5469929 |
cottonbatting plant |
Pseudognaphalium stramineum |
Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scar of the disseminule. |
| 5469977 |
ladies' tobacco |
Pseudognaphalium californicum |
Fruit with elongated base and ample stylar remains. |
| 5469976 |
ladies' tobacco |
Pseudognaphalium californicum |
Fruit, ± ventral view. Note longitudinal ridge and scattered minute papillae. |
| 5469975 |
two-color rabbit-tobacco |
Pseudognaphalium biolettii |
Fruit, ventral view. |
| 5469916 |
annual bluegrass |
Poa annua |
Florets, close-up. Note multiple distinct ribs on lemma. |
| 5469955 |
tomatillo groundcherry |
Physalis philadelphica |
Lateral (on edge) view of seed showing hilum. |
| 5469954 |
tomatillo groundcherry |
Physalis philadelphica |
Close-up of hilum. Note lanceolate shape. |
| 5469953 |
dalmatian toadflax |
Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica |
Lateral view of seed with ventral side facing left. Inset is ventral view showing flared hilum. |
| 5469932 |
upright pepperweed |
Lepidium strictum |
Face view of seed. Hilar region at bottom. Radicle is on the right side and cotyledons on the left side. |
| 5469952 |
upright pepperweed |
Lepidium strictum |
Lateral view of two seeds. Hilar region at bottom. Note papillate surface. |
| 5469931 |
tongue pepperweed |
Lepidium nitidum |
Face view of seed showing two grooves, which separate the radicle and the cotyledons. Hilar region at bottom. Note rough surface. |
| 5469951 |
prickly lettuce |
Lactuca serriola |
Looking down on the apices atop of the beaks of two fruits. |
| 5469950 |
prickly lettuce |
Lactuca serriola |
Looking down on the bases of two disseminules at the shiny, white, ring-like fruit attachment scars. |
| 5469949 |
toad rush |
Juncus bufonius |
Two seeds lined up with hilum at bottom. |
| 5469912 |
hairy cat's ear |
Hypochaeris radicata |
Basal fruit attachment scars of two disseminules. |
| 5469948 |
smooth cat's ear |
Hypochaeris glabra |
Close-up of the angled opening of the basal fruit attachment scar. |
| 5469947 |
shortpod mustard |
Hirschfeldia incana |
Looking down on the hilar region. Note the blackish circle atop the cotyledons. |
| 5468824 |
shortpod mustard |
Hirschfeldia incana |
Lateral view of two seeds. Radicle on left. Hilum at bottom. |
| 5469907 |
common tarweed |
Centromadia pungens |
Lateral view of two fruits. Apices at top. |
| 5469928 |
Kern tarweed |
Deinandra pallida |
Lateral view of two fruits with dorsal sides facing each other. |
| 5469974 |
Kern tarweed |
Deinandra pallida |
Close-up of two fruits positioned on their bent dorsal side. Apices at top. |
| 5469919 |
rosilla |
Helenium puberulum |
Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scar of the disseminule. |
| 5469946 |
Bigelow's sneezeweed |
Helenium bigelovii |
Looking down on the fruit apex. (Pappus has been removed.) |
| 5469927 |
Bigelow's sneezeweed |
Helenium bigelovii |
Fruits with pappus scales still attached. |
| 5469926 |
purple cudweed |
Gamochaeta purpurea |
Looking down on the bases of two fruits. Note extra tissue attached to the ring-like fruit attachment scar. |
| 5469945 |
purple cudweed |
Gamochaeta purpurea |
Looking down on the apices of two fruits. Style bases ± missing. |
| 5469944 |
netseed spurge |
Euphorbia spathulata |
Ventral side of a seed with caruncle still attached. |
| 5469973 |
petty spurge |
Euphorbia peplus |
Ventral side of seed. Caruncle at bottom. |
| 5469925 |
shortfruit stork's bill |
Erodium brachycarpum |
Close-up of the hairy pit and furrow. |
| 5469904 |
early watergrass |
Echinochloa oryzoides |
Floret in dorsal view showing slightly withered apex. |
| 5469908 |
rough barnyardgrass |
Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya |
Floret in dorsal view showing fertile lemma with its slightly withered apex. |
| 5469986 |
large crabgrass |
Digitaria sanguinalis |
Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of spikelet. |
| 5469943 |
yellow nutsedge |
Cyperus esculentus |
Fruit cut in half to show triangular cross-sectional shape. |
| 5469963 |
bermudagrass |
Cynodon dactylon |
Close-up of the puckered base of the caryopsis. |
| 5469962 |
bermudagrass |
Cynodon dactylon |
Showing the puckered base of the caryopsis. |
| 5469942 |
bigseed alfalfa dodder |
Cuscuta indecora var. indecora |
Close-up of the hilar region. |
| 5469972 |
poison-hemlock |
Conium maculatum |
Lateral view of two mericarps. Adaxial sides facing each other. Apex at top. |
| 5469971 |
poison-hemlock |
Conium maculatum |
Abaxial (left) and adaxial (right) sides of two mericarps. Apex at top. |
| 5469941 |
horseweed |
Conyza canadensis |
Fruit, close-up. Note long hairs along fruit body. |
| 5469940 |
blue mustard |
Chorispora tenella |
Inside septal face of two fruit segments. Top and bottom of the disseminules are where abscission occurred. |
| 5469939 |
blue mustard |
Chorispora tenella |
Outside face of two fruit segments. Top and bottom of the disseminules are where abscission occurred. |
| 5469970 |
lambsquarters |
Chenopodium album |
Base of fruit with calyx still attached. Scales present. |
| 5469938 |
lambsquarters |
Chenopodium album |
One fruit with calyx still attached and two fruits (inset) with calyces removed. |
| 5469969 |
yellow starthistle |
Centaurea solstitialis |
Pappous fruits with outer bristles removed to show the inner whorl. |
| 5469911 |
Malta starthistle |
Centaurea melitensis |
Pappus bristles removed to reveal style base. |
| 5469937 |
rapeseed |
Brassica napus |
On this seed with barely detectable reticulations, the pitting of the interspaces is clear. |
| 5469968 |
black mustard |
Brassica nigra |
Close-up of seed's surface. |
| 5469967 |
Indian mustard |
Brassica juncea |
Looking at the hilar region at an angle. |
| 5469936 |
saltmarsh baccharis |
Baccharis douglasii |
View of the apex showing style base and collar. |
| 5469918 |
saltmarsh baccharis |
Baccharis douglasii |
Basal fruit attachment scar. |
| 5469906 |
asparagus |
Asparagus officinalis |
Close-up of seed's surface. |
| 5469910 |
stinking chamomile |
Anthemis cotula |
Fruit, close-up. |
| 5469909 |
western fiddleneck |
Amsinckia tessellata |
Adaxial side of nutlet showing fruit attachment scar. |
| 5469917 |
Menzies' fiddleneck |
Amsinckia menziesii |
Abaxial surface of two nutlets. |
| 5469905 |
Eastwood's fiddleneck |
Amsinckia eastwoodiae |
Adaxial face of nutlet showing fruit attachment scar. |
| 5469966 |
Palmer amaranth |
Amaranthus palmeri |
Close-up of hilum. Note white funicular remnant. |
| 5469965 |
smooth pigweed |
Amaranthus hybridus |
Close-up of the seed's surface. |
| 5467302 |
sorghum |
Sorghum bicolor |
Caryopsis in ventral view. |
| 5467301 |
sorghum |
Sorghum bicolor |
Caryopses in ventral (with dark hilum) and dorsal views. |
| 5467300 |
sorghum |
Sorghum bicolor |
Dorsal view of caryopsis. |
| 5467298 |
sorghum |
Sorghum bicolor |
Close-up of a fertile spikelet of an uncultivated strain. |
| 5467299 |
sorghum |
Sorghum bicolor |
Three spikelet pairs, each with a sterile pedicellate spikelet and a fertile sessile spikelet. |
| 5467297 |
sorghum |
Sorghum bicolor |
Caryopses of shattercane (a form of ssp. bicolor) in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. |
| 5467293 |
rattail fescue |
Vulpia myuros |
Dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) views of floret. |
| 5467294 |
rattail fescue |
Vulpia myuros |
Ventral view of caryopsis. Some bract material (lemma and palea) attached. |
| 5467291 |
rattail fescue |
Vulpia myuros |
Dorsal view of caryopsis. Some bract material (lemma and palea) attached. |
| 5467292 |
rattail fescue |
Vulpia myuros |
Sometimes the upper sterile florets remain attach to a lower fertile floret. Each of these two groups has a fertile floret and two sterile florets. |
| 5467290 |
small fescue |
Vulpia microstachys |
Ventral view of florets. Note that the palea keel veins extend beyond the tip of the palea, looking like the lemma awn. |
| 5467288 |
small fescue |
Vulpia microstachys |
Ventral view of caryopsis. Some bract material (palea and lemma remnants) still attached. |
| 5467289 |
small fescue |
Vulpia microstachys |
Dorsal view of florets. In the lower floret, note the pair of excurrent palea keel vein teeth. |
| 5467287 |
small fescue |
Vulpia microstachys |
Empty glumes. |
| 5467286 |
small fescue |
Vulpia microstachys |
Individual florets (most in ventral view). |
| 5467285 |
medusahead |
Taeniatherum caput-medusae |
Caryopsis in dorsal view. |
| 5467284 |
medusahead |
Taeniatherum caput-medusae |
Caryopsis in ventral view. |
| 5467282 |
medusahead |
Taeniatherum caput-medusae |
Florets—dorsal view (left), lateral view (middle), and ventral view (bottom). |
| 5467283 |
medusahead |
Taeniatherum caput-medusae |
Florets in ventral view showing rachilla and palea. |
| 5467281 |
sorghum-almum |
Sorghum almum |
Ventral view of fertile spikelets where rough handling has resulted in reduced rachis and pedicel fragments. |
| 5467280 |
sorghum-almum |
Sorghum almum |
Spikelets. A, C—ventral view showing upper glume and tiny remnants of pedicel and/or rachis; B, D, E—dorsal view showing the back of the lower glume. |
| 5467296 |
Scotch thistle |
Onopordum acanthium |
Close-up of the basal fruit attachment scar partially obscured by an elaiosome on the left side. |
| 5467295 |
Scotch thistle |
Onopordum acanthium |
Looking down on the apex of the fruit. |
| 5467279 |
green foxtail |
Setaria viridis |
Glumes and sterile lemma removed from spikelet to reveal sterile palea and fertile floret. |
| 5467277 |
green foxtail |
Setaria viridis |
Florets in ventral view. |
| 5467278 |
green foxtail |
Setaria viridis |
Spikelets. Most in dorsal view showing edges of lower glume (at bottom), upper glume, and a bit of fertile lemma. |
| 5467275 |
green foxtail |
Setaria viridis |
Caryopsis in ventral view. |
| 5467276 |
green foxtail |
Setaria viridis |
Florets in dorsal view. Three of the veins are clearly seen on each lemma. |
| 5467274 |
green foxtail |
Setaria viridis |
Cluster of three normal and one aborted spikelets with their eleven bristles. |
| 5467273 |
green foxtail |
Setaria viridis |
Caryopses in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. |
| 5467271 |
bristly foxtail |
Setaria verticillata |
Spikelets in various positions. |
| 5467272 |
bristly foxtail |
Setaria verticillata |
Glumes and sterile lemma removed to reveal sterile palea and fertile floret. |
| 5467270 |
bristly foxtail |
Setaria verticillata |
Spikelets in various positions, labeled. |
| 5467269 |
bristly foxtail |
Setaria verticillata |
Florets in dorsal view. Note that three of the veins can be seen on each lemma. |
| 5467268 |
bristly foxtail |
Setaria verticillata |
Caryopsis in ventral view. |
| 5467267 |
bristly foxtail |
Setaria verticillata |
Caryopses in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. |
| 5467265 |
knotroot foxtail |
Setaria parviflora |
Spikelets in ventral view with glumes and sterile lemma removed to reveal sterile palea atop the fertile floret. |
| 5467266 |
yellow foxtail |
Setaria pumila ssp. pumila |
Spikelet in ventral view with lower glume and sterile lemma removed to reveal sterile palea. |
| 5467264 |
knotroot foxtail |
Setaria parviflora |
Caryopsis in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. |
| 5467262 |
giant foxtail |
Setaria faberi |
Glumes and sterile lemma removed to reveal sterile palea and fertile floret. |
| 5467263 |
giant foxtail |
Setaria faberi |
Spikelet in dorsal view showing upper glume and fertile lemma. |
| 5467261 |
giant foxtail |
Setaria faberi |
Spikelets in dorsal, ventral and lateral views. |
| 5467259 |
giant foxtail |
Setaria faberi |
Spikelets in ventral view, the one on the left at an angle. |
| 5467260 |
giant foxtail |
Setaria faberi |
Floret in ventral view showing palea and edges of lemma. |
| 5467257 |
giant foxtail |
Setaria faberi |
Caryopses in dorsal view showing embryo. |
| 5467258 |
giant foxtail |
Setaria faberi |
Floret in dorsal view showing lemma. |
| 5467255 |
bur bristlegrass |
Setaria adhaerens |
Florets in ventral view showing palea. |
| 5467256 |
bur bristlegrass |
Setaria adhaerens |
Spikelet in dorsal view. |
| 5467253 |
bur bristlegrass |
Setaria adhaerens |
Florets in dorsal view showing lemma. |
| 5467254 |
bur bristlegrass |
Setaria adhaerens |
Spikelet in ventral view. |
| 5467251 |
bur bristlegrass |
Setaria adhaerens |
Spikelet with bristles still attached. (There were originally two spikelets attached, with one bristle per spikelet.) Note that the bristles are retrorsely scabrous. |
| 5467252 |
bur bristlegrass |
Setaria adhaerens |
Caryopsis in ventral view (left) showing hilum and in dorsal view (right) showing embryo. |
| 5467250 |
common mediterraneangrass |
Schismus barbatus |
Spikelet. |
| 5467249 |
common mediterraneangrass |
Schismus barbatus |
Two intact spikelets. |
| 5467248 |
common mediterraneangrass |
Schismus barbatus |
Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of floret. |
| 5467246 |
common mediterraneangrass |
Schismus barbatus |
Ventral view of florets. Note the hairs between the ribbed veins on the floret to the right. |
| 5467247 |
common mediterraneangrass |
Schismus barbatus |
Two florets in ventral view and one in dorsal view. The transparency of the palea reveals the position and color of the caryopsis. |
| 5467244 |
Arabian schismus |
Schismus arabicus |
Florets in ventral and dorsal views. Note deeply lobed lemma apex and hairy callus. |
| 5467245 |
common mediterraneangrass |
Schismus barbatus |
Caryopses in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. |
| 5467243 |
Arabian schismus |
Schismus arabicus |
Florets in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. Note transparency of palea. |
| 5467242 |
Arabian schismus |
Schismus arabicus |
Florets in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views, labeled. Note transparency of palea. |
| 5467240 |
Arabian schismus |
Schismus arabicus |
Caryopsis in ventral view. |
| 5467241 |
Arabian schismus |
Schismus arabicus |
Caryopses in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. Note transparency. |
| 5467239 |
Mediterranean hairgrass |
Rostraria cristata |
Lateral view of three florets. |
| 5467237 |
Mediterranean hairgrass |
Rostraria cristata |
Lateral view of floret, close-up. |
| 5467238 |
Mediterranean hairgrass |
Rostraria cristata |
Lateral view of florets. The three on the left are hirsute and probably came from lower down on the spikelet than the one on the right. |
| 5467236 |
Mediterranean hairgrass |
Rostraria cristata |
Lateral view of floret, labeled. |
| 5459917 |
common arrowhead |
Sagittaria latifolia |
Labeled fruit. |
| 5459919 |
Gregg arrowhead |
Sagittaria longiloba |
Labeled fruit. |
| 5459927 |
California arrowhead |
Sagittaria montevidensis |
Labeled fruit. |
| 5467235 |
Mediterranean hairgrass |
Rostraria cristata |
Lateral view of two caryopses. |
| 5467234 |
Mediterranean hairgrass |
Rostraria cristata |
Three florets from the top of a spikelet. |
| 5467232 |
water-bent |
Polypogon viridis |
Spikelets. |
| 5467233 |
water-bent |
Polypogon viridis |
Spikelets. Note persistent pedicel/stipe at base. |
| 5467231 |
water-bent |
Polypogon viridis |
Floret in ventral view (left) showing 2-veined palea and in dorsal view (right) showing lemma. |
| 5467230 |
water-bent |
Polypogon viridis |
Caryopsis in dorsal (left) and slightly angled lateral (right) views. |
| 5467223 |
rabbitfoot polypogon |
Polypogon monspeliensis |
Spikelet close-up. Note bristly glume apices. |
| 5467224 |
rabbitfoot polypogon |
Polypogon monspeliensis |
Spikelets in lateral view. The lower glume is on the left in the first spikelet and on the right in the remaining spikelets. |
| 5467222 |
rabbitfoot polypogon |
Polypogon monspeliensis |
Caryopsis in ventral view. |
| 5467221 |
rabbitfoot polypogon |
Polypogon monspeliensis |
Caryopsis in lateral view. |
| 5467229 |
ditch polypogon |
Polypogon interruptus |
Spikelets. Note that all awns are easily broken off. |
| 5467228 |
ditch polypogon |
Polypogon interruptus |
Floret in ventral view, labeled. |
| 5467227 |
ditch polypogon |
Polypogon interruptus |
Caryopsis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. |
| 5467225 |
ditch polypogon |
Polypogon interruptus |
Spikelet, labeled. |
| 5467226 |
ditch polypogon |
Polypogon interruptus |
Spikelet. |
| 5466600 |
Sandberg bluegrass |
Poa secunda |
Floret pair showing the rachilla joining them. |
| 5466601 |
Sandberg bluegrass |
Poa secunda |
Spikelet with two florets. |
| 5466598 |
Sandberg bluegrass |
Poa secunda |
Floret, dorsal view. |
| 5466599 |
Sandberg bluegrass |
Poa secunda |
Floret, ventral view. |
| 5466596 |
Sandberg bluegrass |
Poa secunda |
A floret pair showing the rachilla joining them. |
| 5466597 |
Sandberg bluegrass |
Poa secunda |
Caryopsis in ventral view. |
| 5466595 |
Sandberg bluegrass |
Poa secunda |
Florets. All are seen in ventral view, revealing rachilla, except for the floret in the lower right corner, which is shown in dorsal view. Most of the lemma tips have been damaged. |
| 5466584 |
Kentucky bluegrass |
Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis |
Caryopsis in lateral view with some palea tissue still attached. |
| 5466585 |
Kentucky bluegrass |
Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis |
Florets, dorsal view. Callus hairs removed for better view. Note distinctly ribbed midvein. |
| 5466583 |
Kentucky bluegrass |
Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis |
Caryopses with some palea tissue still attached. |
| 5466582 |
Kentucky bluegrass |
Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis |
Since these florets have been commercially processed, the lemma tips are broken and the callus hairs have been rubbed off. |
| 5466581 |
Kentucky bluegrass |
Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis |
Floret in lateral view. |
| 5466580 |
Kentucky bluegrass |
Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis |
Florets, showing normal (originally floret-bearing) and barren rachillas. The barren rachillas measure ca. 1.2 mm long. |
| 5466578 |
bulbous bluegrass |
Poa bulbosa ssp. vivipara |
Bulblets with leaf-like tips broken off. |
| 5466579 |
bulbous bluegrass |
Poa bulbosa ssp. vivipara |
Glumes subtending a spikelet of bulblets. |
| 5466577 |
bulbous bluegrass |
Poa bulbosa ssp. vivipara |
Bulblet, close-up. |
| 5466576 |
annual bluegrass |
Poa annua |
Floret in lateral view. |
| 5466575 |
annual bluegrass |
Poa annua |
Florets, those in ventral view showing rachilla. |
| 5466565 |
common reed |
Phragmites australis |
Two spikelet bases, which include glumes and a sterile floret. |
| 5466574 |
annual bluegrass |
Poa annua |
Caryopsis in lateral view. |
| 5466564 |
common reed |
Phragmites australis |
Top of a spikelet with six florets. |
| 5466562 |
common reed |
Phragmites australis |
Caryopses in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Note persistent styles, which are easily broken off, at apex. |
| 5466563 |
common reed |
Phragmites australis |
Lateral view of floret with hairs removed from callus. Some of the apex of the lemma is missing. |
| 5466560 |
littleseed canarygrass |
Phalaris minor |
Disseminules (fertile florets with sterile lemmas attached). |
| 5466561 |
littleseed canarygrass |
Phalaris minor |
Ventral view of fertile floret (with sterile lemma still attached) showing lemma edges enveloping palea. |
| 5466559 |
littleseed canarygrass |
Phalaris minor |
Lateral view of fertile floret with sterile lemmas attached. |
| 5466558 |
littleseed canarygrass |
Phalaris minor |
Caryopsis in lateral view. |
| 5466557 |
canarygrass |
Phalaris canariensis |
Fertile floret subtended by the lemmas of two sterile florets. |
| 5466555 |
canarygrass |
Phalaris canariensis |
Dorsal view of fertile floret (without sterile lemmas attached). |
| 5466556 |
canarygrass |
Phalaris canariensis |
Ventral view of fertile floret (without sterile lemmas attached) showing lemma edges enveloping palea. Apex at right. |
| 5466554 |
canarygrass |
Phalaris canariensis |
Lateral view of fertile floret without sterile lemmas attached. |
| 5466553 |
canarygrass |
Phalaris canariensis |
Caryopsis in lateral view. |
| 5466544 |
crimson fountaingrass |
Pennisetum setaceum |
Spikelet measuring 6.8 mm long. |
| 5466545 |
crimson fountaingrass |
Pennisetum setaceum |
Disseminule with some bristles removed to reveal spikelet cluster. |
| 5466543 |
crimson fountaingrass |
Pennisetum setaceum |
Spikelet with glumes removed. |
| 5466542 |
crimson fountaingrass |
Pennisetum setaceum |
Caryopses in dorsal view (left) showing embryo and in ventral view (right) showing hilum. |
| 5466541 |
crimson fountaingrass |
Pennisetum setaceum |
Close-up of a plumose bristle. |
| 5466540 |
buffelgrass |
Pennisetum ciliare |
Three fascicles containing spikelet clusters subtended by whorls of bristles. |
| 5466539 |
buffelgrass |
Pennisetum ciliare |
Three fascicles containing spikelet clusters subtended by whorls of bristles. |
| 5466538 |
buffelgrass |
Pennisetum ciliare |
Disseminule (a fascicle) with some bristles removed to show the three spikelets. |
| 5466537 |
buffelgrass |
Pennisetum ciliare |
Floret in ventral view. |
| 5466536 |
buffelgrass |
Pennisetum ciliare |
Caryopsis in ventral view. |
| 5466022 |
knotgrass |
Paspalum distichum |
Two spikelets in ventral view (left) showing sterile lemma and edges of upper glume and two in dorsal view (right) showing upper glume. Note pedicel remnant on the last spikelet. |
| 5466021 |
knotgrass |
Paspalum distichum |
Floret in ventral view (left) showing palea and edges of lemma and in dorsal view (right) showing lemma. |
| 5466020 |
knotgrass |
Paspalum distichum |
Caryopsis in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. |
| 5466018 |
dallisgrass |
Paspalum dilatatum |
Spikelets in dorsal and ventral views. |
| 5466019 |
dallisgrass |
Paspalum dilatatum |
Spikelet in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. |
| 5466017 |
dallisgrass |
Paspalum dilatatum |
Spikelets in dorsal and ventral views. Labeled. |
| 5466015 |
dallisgrass |
Paspalum dilatatum |
Floret in dorsal view showing fertile lemma. |
| 5466016 |
dallisgrass |
Paspalum dilatatum |
Floret in ventral view. |
| 5466014 |
dallisgrass |
Paspalum dilatatum |
Caryopsis in ventral view showing hilum. |
| 5466012 |
desert panicgrass |
Panicum urvilleanum |
Sterile palea and sterile lemma still attached at their bases, but otherwise removed from the rest of the spikelet. |
| 5466013 |
dallisgrass |
Paspalum dilatatum |
Caryopsis in dorsal view showing embryo. |
| 5466011 |
desert panicgrass |
Panicum urvilleanum |
Spikelet in lateral view. |
| 5466010 |
desert panicgrass |
Panicum urvilleanum |
Spikelets in various views. |
| 5466009 |
desert panicgrass |
Panicum urvilleanum |
Basal scar of floret. |
| 5466007 |
desert panicgrass |
Panicum urvilleanum |
Caryopsis in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. |
| 5466008 |
desert panicgrass |
Panicum urvilleanum |
Florets in ventral (top) and dorsal (bottom) views. Note hairs on lemma margins. |
| 5466003 |
witchgrass |
Panicum capillare ssp. hillmanii |
Sterile palea. |
| 5466002 |
witchgrass |
Panicum capillare ssp. hillmanii |
Spikelet in lateral view. |
| 5465999 |
witchgrass |
Panicum capillare ssp. hillmanii |
Spikelet in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Labeled. |
| 5466001 |
witchgrass |
Panicum capillare ssp. hillmanii |
Spikelet in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. |
| 5465998 |
witchgrass |
Panicum capillare ssp. hillmanii |
Caryopsis in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. |
| 5465997 |
witchgrass |
Panicum capillare ssp. hillmanii |
Basal scar of floret. |
| 5466006 |
fall panicum |
Panicum dichotomiflorum |
Spikelets in ventral and dorsal views. |
| 5466004 |
fall panicum |
Panicum dichotomiflorum |
Floret in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. |
| 5466005 |
fall panicum |
Panicum dichotomiflorum |
Basal scar of floret. |
| 5465996 |
witchgrass |
Panicum capillare ssp. capillare |
Basal scar of floret. |
| 5465995 |
witchgrass |
Panicum capillare ssp. capillare |
Floret in dorsal (left), lateral (middle) and ventral (right) views. |
| 5465991 |
rice |
Oryza sativa |
Lateral view of two fertile florets, each subtended by the lemmas of two sterile florets. |
| 5465992 |
rice |
Oryza sativa |
Caryopsis in dorsal view. Note the thickness of the caryopsis. |
| 5465990 |
rice |
Oryza sativa |
Lateral view of caryopses. Note longitudinal ridges. |
| 5465993 |
rice |
Oryza sativa |
Dorsal view of fertile floret showing fertile lemma and attached sterile lemma. |
| 5465994 |
rice |
Oryza sativa |
Ventral view of fertile floret with sterile lemma still attached. |
| 5465989 |
poison ryegrass |
Lolium temulentum |
Caryopsis in ventral view showing linear hilum. Base at left. |
| 5465988 |
poison ryegrass |
Lolium temulentum |
Floret in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Apex at top. |
| 5465987 |
poison ryegrass |
Lolium temulentum |
Floret in dorsal view (top) and ventral view (bottom). |
| 5465985 |
rigid ryegrass |
Lolium rigidum |
Caryopsis in ventral view (top) and dorsal view (bottom). |
| 5465986 |
poison ryegrass |
Lolium temulentum |
Caryopsis in dorsal view. Vertical cracks due to rough handling. |
| 5465984 |
rigid ryegrass |
Lolium rigidum |
Floret in ventral view. |
| 5465982 |
rigid ryegrass |
Lolium rigidum |
Florets in dorsal view—the upper floret with a short awn, the lower floret with an awnless, irregularly notched apex. |
| 5465983 |
rigid ryegrass |
Lolium rigidum |
Florets, the one at the bottom with an attached apical sterile floret. |
| 5465981 |
perennial ryegrass |
Lolium perenne |
Dorsal view of florets with damaged apices. |
| 5465979 |
perennial ryegrass |
Lolium perenne |
Florets—dorsal view (left), ventral view (center), ventral view with apical floret. |
| 5465980 |
perennial ryegrass |
Lolium perenne |
Ventral view of caryopses showing linear hilum and some palea remnants. |
| 5465978 |
perennial ryegrass |
Lolium perenne |
Dorsal view of caryopses. |
| 5465969 |
sticky sprangletop |
Leptochloa viscida |
Lateral view of an immature spikelet with five florets (top) and three pairs of empty glumes on an inflorescence stalk (bottom). |
| 5465972 |
sticky sprangletop |
Leptochloa viscida |
Dorsal view of florets. Note positions of the ribbed lateral veins near the margins. |
| 5465973 |
sticky sprangletop |
Leptochloa viscida |
Ventral view of floret. |
| 5465971 |
sticky sprangletop |
Leptochloa viscida |
Caryopsis in dorsal view. |
| 5465970 |
sticky sprangletop |
Leptochloa viscida |
Caryopsis in ventral view. |
| 5465967 |
Mexican sprangletop |
Leptochloa fusca ssp. uninervia |
Florets in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Note the distinct nature of lemma apex. |
| 5465968 |
Mexican sprangletop |
Leptochloa fusca ssp. uninervia |
Caryopses in ventral view. Note that the caryopses are more or less translucent. |
| 5465965 |
Mexican sprangletop |
Leptochloa fusca ssp. uninervia |
Caryopsis in lateral view. |
| 5465966 |
Mexican sprangletop |
Leptochloa fusca ssp. uninervia |
Caryopses in dorsal view showing embryo. |
| 5465963 |
bearded sprangletop |
Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis |
Three florets in dorsal view (top) and two in ventral view. Note the dark coloring on the lower half of the florets. |
| 5465964 |
bearded sprangletop |
Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis |
Caryopsis in ventral view showing hilum. |
| 5465962 |
bearded sprangletop |
Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis |
Caryopses in dorsal view showing embryo. |
| 5463774 |
little lovegrass |
Eragrostis minor |
Two caryopses in dorsal view. |
| 5464470 |
Mediterranean barley |
Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum |
Disseminule with fertile floret in dorsal view. Labeled. |
| 5464524 |
wall barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. murinum |
Close-up of sterile palea, which is more or less glabrous. |
| 5464523 |
wall barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. murinum |
Caryopsis in ventral view showing linear hilum. |
| 5464522 |
wall barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. murinum |
Three disseminules, each consisting of multiple spikelets and florets. |
| 5464520 |
wall barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. murinum |
Disseminule with fertile floret in dorsal view. |
| 5464521 |
wall barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. murinum |
Caryopsis in dorsal view. |
| 5464509 |
leporinum barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum |
Close-up of base of sterile palea showing scabrous hairs. |
| 5464519 |
wall barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. murinum |
Disseminule with fertile floret in dorsal view. Labeled. |
| 5464508 |
leporinum barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum |
Three disseminules, each consisting of multiple spikelets and florets. |
| 5464507 |
leporinum barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum |
Disseminule with florets in ventral view. The rachis (to the left) was broken pulling the disseminule apart for a better view. |
| 5464506 |
leporinum barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum |
Disseminule with florets in ventral view. The rachis was broken pulling the disseminule apart for a better view. Labeled. |
| 5464504 |
leporinum barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum |
Disseminule in dorsal view. Labeled. |
| 5464505 |
leporinum barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum |
Disseminule in dorsal view. |
| 5464503 |
leporinum barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum |
Caryopsis in dorsal view. |
| 5464502 |
leporinum barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum |
Caryopsis in ventral view showing linear hilar groove. |
| 5464482 |
smooth barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum |
Three disseminules composed of multiple spikelets and florets. |
| 5464480 |
smooth barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum |
Disseminule with fertile floret in ventral view. Labeled. |
| 5464481 |
smooth barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum |
Disseminule with fertile floret in ventral view. |
| 5464479 |
smooth barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum |
Disseminule with fertile floret in dorsal view. |
| 5464477 |
smooth barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum |
Caryopsis in ventral view showing linear hilar groove. |
| 5464478 |
smooth barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum |
Disseminule with fertile floret in dorsal view. Labeled. |
| 5464476 |
smooth barley |
Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum |
Caryopsis in dorsal view. |
| 5464475 |
Mediterranean barley |
Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum |
Caryopses in ventral view showing linear hilar groove. |
| 5464474 |
Mediterranean barley |
Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum |
Caryopses in dorsal view. |
| 5464472 |
Mediterranean barley |
Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum |
Disseminule with fertile floret in ventral view. Labeled. |
| 5464473 |
Mediterranean barley |
Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum |
Disseminule with fertile floret in ventral view. |
| 5464471 |
Mediterranean barley |
Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum |
Disseminule with fertile floret in dorsal view. |
| 5464469 |
Mediterranean barley |
Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum |
Two disseminules with fertile floret in ventral view. |
| 5464460 |
common velvetgrass |
Holcus lanatus |
Spikelet in lateral view. Note the purple coloring over the glume veins as well as the short awn on the upper glume (top). |
| 5464458 |
common velvetgrass |
Holcus lanatus |
Caryopsis in lateral view. |
| 5464459 |
common velvetgrass |
Holcus lanatus |
The sterile and fertile florets removed from the spikelet. Note the long callus hairs. |
| 5464457 |
common velvetgrass |
Holcus lanatus |
Caryopsis in ventral view showing hilum in longitudinal groove. |
| 5464456 |
common velvetgrass |
Holcus lanatus |
Spikelets in lateral view. |
| 5464444 |
red fescue |
Festuca rubra ssp. rubra |
Lateral view of a terminal grouping of three florets. |
| 5464445 |
red fescue |
Festuca rubra ssp. rubra |
ndividual florets (most in ventral view) and an apical terminal grouping of florets. Note purplish coloring inside some florets. |
| 5464442 |
red fescue |
Festuca rubra ssp. rubra |
Ventral view of caryopsis showing linear hilum and deep hilar groove. |
| 5464443 |
red fescue |
Festuca rubra ssp. rubra |
Ventral view of three florets with unbroken awns and glabrous calluses. Note bifid palea tip of the center floret. |
| 5464441 |
red fescue |
Festuca rubra ssp. rubra |
Dorsal view of caryopsis. |
| 5464376 |
western fescue |
Festuca occidentalis |
Ventral view of florets. The bottom specimen has a remnant of an anther attached. |
| 5464375 |
western fescue |
Festuca occidentalis |
Dorsal view of florets. The lemmas, including the awns, are scabrous. |
| 5464374 |
western fescue |
Festuca occidentalis |
Ventral view of caryopsis, showing the hilar groove in which palea tissue persists. Note that the base of the caryopsis (to the left) has been broken off. |
| 5464372 |
western fescue |
Festuca occidentalis |
Caryopses in dorsal view. Palea tissue is still attached to the ventral sides. |
| 5464373 |
western fescue |
Festuca occidentalis |
Individual florets (most in ventral view). |
| 5464371 |
tall fescue |
Festuca arundinacea |
Ventral view of two florets, one with a terminal sterile floret attached to the rachilla. Both with damaged lemma tips. |
| 5464370 |
tall fescue |
Festuca arundinacea |
Ventral view (left) and dorsal view (right) of two caryopses each. Apex at top. |
| 5463803 |
prairie cupgrass |
Eriochloa contracta |
Spikelet in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. |
| 5463802 |
prairie cupgrass |
Eriochloa contracta |
Mature spikelets. |
| 5463801 |
prairie cupgrass |
Eriochloa contracta |
Caryopses in ventral view, showing dark-colored hilum. |
| 5463799 |
prairie cupgrass |
Eriochloa contracta |
Caryopses in dorsal view. Note that the embryos are about 1 mm long. |
| 5463800 |
prairie cupgrass |
Eriochloa contracta |
Florets—immature in dorsal view (left), mature in ventral view (center, right). Only center floret has an intact awn. |
| 5463798 |
tapertip cupgrass |
Eriochloa acuminata var. acuminata |
Spikelets still attached to inflorescence. |
| 5463797 |
tapertip cupgrass |
Eriochloa acuminata var. acuminata |
Undeveloped caryopses resting within palea. |
| 5463795 |
tapertip cupgrass |
Eriochloa acuminata var. acuminata |
Floret in ventral view with callus intact (left) and dorsal view with callus missing (right). |
| 5463796 |
tapertip cupgrass |
Eriochloa acuminata var. acuminata |
Spikelet in dorsal view, showing upper glume. |
| 5463794 |
tapertip cupgrass |
Eriochloa acuminata var. acuminata |
Caryopsis in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. |
| 5463790 |
India lovegrass |
Eragrostis pilosa |
Intact spikelet, close-up. |
| 5463788 |
India lovegrass |
Eragrostis pilosa |
This disseminule consists of the caryopsis sheathed by only the lemma. |
| 5463789 |
India lovegrass |
Eragrostis pilosa |
Intact spikelet, close-up. Labeled. |
| 5463787 |
India lovegrass |
Eragrostis pilosa |
Two intact spikelets, one spikelet pedicel with persistent rachillas after florets have detached, one disseminule with palea and lemma, two disseminules with lemma only, and two loose caryopses. |
| 5463786 |
India lovegrass |
Eragrostis pilosa |
Disseminule with both palea and lemma, but no rachilla. |
| 5463782 |
tufted lovegrass |
Eragrostis pectinacea |
Top of a spikelet. The persistent paleas near the base reflect the acropetal disarticulation of disseminules. |
| 5463785 |
India lovegrass |
Eragrostis pilosa |
Caryopses in various views. |
| 5463781 |
tufted lovegrass |
Eragrostis pectinacea |
Nearly mature florets still attached to rachilla. |
| 5463779 |
tufted lovegrass |
Eragrostis pectinacea |
Lateral view of a caryopsis measuring 0.7 mm long. |
| 5463780 |
tufted lovegrass |
Eragrostis pectinacea |
The disseminule consists of the caryopsis sheathed by the lemma only. |
| 5463778 |
little lovegrass |
Eragrostis minor |
Spikelets with glandular rings on their pedicels. Lateral veins of lemmas are green and ribbed. |
| 5463777 |
little lovegrass |
Eragrostis minor |
Spikelets with glandular rings on their pedicels. Lateral veins of lemmas are green and ribbed. Labeled. |
| 5463776 |
little lovegrass |
Eragrostis minor |
The disseminule typically consists of the caryopsis sheathed by the lemma only. |
| 5463775 |
little lovegrass |
Eragrostis minor |
Basal floret still attached to rachis to show palea. Glume and lemma are glandular on their midveins. |
| 5463773 |
little lovegrass |
Eragrostis minor |
Lateral views (left, center) and dorsal view (right) of caryopsis. Note variation in surface texture, from smooth to reticulate. |
| 5463770 |
Mexican lovegrass |
Eragrostis mexicana |
Spikelet with glumes and basal disseminule missing. |
| 5463768 |
Mexican lovegrass |
Eragrostis mexicana |
The disseminule typically consists of the caryopsis sheathed by only the lemma. |
| 5463769 |
Mexican lovegrass |
Eragrostis mexicana |
Disseminule (lemma and caryopsis only) in lateral view. |
| 5463767 |
Mexican lovegrass |
Eragrostis mexicana |
Caryopses in various views. |
| 5463764 |
weeping lovegrass |
Eragrostis curvula |
Spikelet tip with two fertile florets still attached. Note that the brown caryopses can be seen through the ± translucent lemmas. |
| 5463765 |
weeping lovegrass |
Eragrostis curvula |
Caryopsis in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. |
| 5463763 |
weeping lovegrass |
Eragrostis curvula |
Florets in ventral view. The brown caryopses can be seen through the ± translucent paleas. |
| 5463756 |
stinkgrass |
Eragrostis cilianensis |
The disseminule typically consists of the caryopsis sheathed by only the lemma. |
| 5463762 |
weeping lovegrass |
Eragrostis curvula |
Florets in dorsal view. Note that the veins are relatively opaque and therefore easily seen. |
| 5463755 |
stinkgrass |
Eragrostis cilianensis |
Remnant of the top of a spikelet. Note long cilia on palea veins. |
| 5463754 |
stinkgrass |
Eragrostis cilianensis |
The caryopses naturally rest on their sides since they are laterally compressed. |
| 5463752 |
Mediterranean lovegrass |
Eragrostis barrelieri |
Disseminules (lemma plus caryopsis) in lateral (top) and ventral (bottom) views. |
| 5463753 |
stinkgrass |
Eragrostis cilianensis |
Caryopsis in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. |
| 5463751 |
Mediterranean lovegrass |
Eragrostis barrelieri |
Top of a mature spikelet. |
| 5463750 |
Mediterranean lovegrass |
Eragrostis barrelieri |
Caryopses in various views. |
| 5463743 |
goosegrass |
Eleusine indica |
Dorsal view of florets showing lemma. |
| 5463742 |
goosegrass |
Eleusine indica |
Floret in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. |
| 5463740 |
goosegrass |
Eleusine indica |
Attached florets at the top of a spikelet. |
| 5463741 |
goosegrass |
Eleusine indica |
Florets in ventral view. |
| 5463739 |
goosegrass |
Eleusine indica |
Dorsal side of fruits. |
| 5463737 |
early watergrass |
Echinochloa oryzoides |
Outer bracts (glumes and sterile lemma) removed to reveal sterile palea and fertile floret. |
| 5463738 |
goosegrass |
Eleusine indica |
Seed in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. |
| 5463735 |
early watergrass |
Echinochloa oryzoides |
Caryopsis in dorsal view (left) showing embryo and in ventral view (right) showing hilum. |
| 5463736 |
early watergrass |
Echinochloa oryzoides |
Florets in dorsal view showing fertile lemma, which has a slightly withered apex. |
| 5463734 |
early watergrass |
Echinochloa oryzoides |
Spikelets in various views. The upper glume is easily broken off of this disseminule and therefore may be missing. |
| 5463732 |
early watergrass |
Echinochloa oryzoides |
Spikelet in lateral view. Labeled. |
| 5463733 |
early watergrass |
Echinochloa oryzoides |
Spikelet in lateral view. |
| 5463725 |
rough barnyardgrass |
Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya |
Spikelet in dorsal view. |
| 5463723 |
rough barnyardgrass |
Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya |
Spikelets in ventral view. |
| 5463724 |
rough barnyardgrass |
Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya |
Outer bracts (glumes and sterile lemma) removed to reveal sterile palea and fertile floret. |
| 5463722 |
rough barnyardgrass |
Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya |
Floret in dorsal view showing fertile lemma with its slightly withered apex. |
| 5463721 |
rough barnyardgrass |
Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya |
Caryopsis in dorsal view (left) showing relatively large embryo and in ventral view (right) showing hilum. |
| 5463720 |
gulf cockspur |
Echinochloa crus-pavonis |
Outer bracts (glumes and sterile lemma) removed to reveal sterile palea and fertile floret. |
| 5463718 |
gulf cockspur |
Echinochloa crus-pavonis |
Floret in dorsal view showing fertile lemma, which has a withered apex (at right). |
| 5463719 |
gulf cockspur |
Echinochloa crus-pavonis |
Spikelets in various views. |
| 5463717 |
gulf cockspur |
Echinochloa crus-pavonis |
Caryopsis in dorsal view (left) showing embryo and in ventral view (right) showing hilum. |
| 5463715 |
barnyardgrass |
Echinochloa crus-galli |
Outer bracts removed to reveal sterile palea and fertile floret. |
| 5463716 |
gulf cockspur |
Echinochloa crus-pavonis |
Spikelet in ventral view. |
| 5463714 |
barnyardgrass |
Echinochloa crus-galli |
Spikelet in ventral view. |
| 5463713 |
barnyardgrass |
Echinochloa crus-galli |
Lateral view of a spikelet with an awned sterile lemma. The upper glume is easily broken off of this disseminule and therefore may be missing from the disseminule. |
| 5463712 |
barnyardgrass |
Echinochloa crus-galli |
Florets in ventral view. |
| 5463710 |
barnyardgrass |
Echinochloa crus-galli |
Florets in dorsal view showing fertile lemma, which has a withered, hairy apex. |
| 5463711 |
barnyardgrass |
Echinochloa crus-galli |
Close-up of lemma tips showing presence of small hairs. |
| 5463709 |
barnyardgrass |
Echinochloa crus-galli |
Caryopsis in ventral view (left) showing hilum and in dorsal view (right) showing large embryo. |
| 5463697 |
junglerice |
Echinochloa colona |
Outer bracts (glumes and sterile lemma) removed to reveal sterile palea and fertile floret. |
| 5463696 |
junglerice |
Echinochloa colona |
Spikelets in various views, some with purple coloring. |
| 5463695 |
junglerice |
Echinochloa colona |
Close-up of spikelet in two views. |
| 5463694 |
junglerice |
Echinochloa colona |
Floret in dorsal view showing fertile lemma with its withered apex. |
| 5462915 |
saltgrass |
Distichlis spicata |
Ventral view of floret. |
| 5462914 |
saltgrass |
Distichlis spicata |
Lateral view of one entire floret (left) and four florets with lemmas missing. |
| 5462913 |
saltgrass |
Distichlis spicata |
Lateral view of florets. |
| 5462911 |
saltgrass |
Distichlis spicata |
Caryopses in lateral view. |
| 5462912 |
saltgrass |
Distichlis spicata |
Caryopsis in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. Note bifid apex (i.e., styles). |
| 5462910 |
large crabgrass |
Digitaria sanguinalis |
Spikelets in ventral view. |
| 5462908 |
large crabgrass |
Digitaria sanguinalis |
Spikelets in dorsal view. |
| 5462909 |
large crabgrass |
Digitaria sanguinalis |
Mature spikelets, some in ventral view (showing lower glume and sterile lemma) and some in dorsal view (showing upper glume and fertile lemma). One floret (top right) in ventral view, showing palea and fertile lemma edges. |
| 5462907 |
large crabgrass |
Digitaria sanguinalis |
Caryopsis in dorsal view. |
| 5462906 |
large crabgrass |
Digitaria sanguinalis |
Floret (ventral view) with partially exposed caryopsis. |
| 5462904 |
smooth crabgrass |
Digitaria ischaemum |
Spikelet in ventral view showing sterile lemma. |
| 5462903 |
smooth crabgrass |
Digitaria ischaemum |
Spikelets, most in dorsal view, showing upper glume and a bit of the tip of the fertile lemma. |
| 5462901 |
smooth crabgrass |
Digitaria ischaemum |
Caryopsis in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. |
| 5462902 |
smooth crabgrass |
Digitaria ischaemum |
Floret (ventral view) with damaged palea and partially exposed caryopsis. |
| 5462899 |
orchardgrass |
Dactylis glomerata |
Two single florets and three groups of attached florets (two groups with two florets each and one group with three florets). |
| 5462900 |
orchardgrass |
Dactylis glomerata |
Florets in ventral view. |
| 5462898 |
orchardgrass |
Dactylis glomerata |
Dorsal view of floret showing veins merging towards lemma apex. |
| 5462897 |
orchardgrass |
Dactylis glomerata |
Florets in dorsal (left) and lateral (right, note long-ciliate midvein) views. |
| 5462896 |
orchardgrass |
Dactylis glomerata |
Caryopses at an angle between lateral and ventral views. |
| 5462895 |
orchardgrass |
Dactylis glomerata |
Caryopses in dorsal view showing embryo at base. |
| 5462893 |
bermudagrass |
Cynodon dactylon |
Floret with lower glume attached, upper glume gone. |
| 5462894 |
bermudagrass |
Cynodon dactylon |
Caryopses. |
| 5462892 |
bermudagrass |
Cynodon dactylon |
Florets, some with a glume still attached. |
| 5462891 |
bermudagrass |
Cynodon dactylon |
Lateral view of caryopsis. Note the bifid stylar base at the apex of the fruit. |
| 5462889 |
feather fingergrass |
Chloris virgata |
Disseminule in lateral view. |
| 5462890 |
feather fingergrass |
Chloris virgata |
First sterile floret pulled back to reveal a secondary sterile floret. |
| 5462887 |
feather fingergrass |
Chloris virgata |
Lateral view of caryopses. |
| 5462888 |
feather fingergrass |
Chloris virgata |
Disseminule in lateral view. |
| 5462886 |
rhodesgrass |
Chloris gayana |
Disseminule in lateral view showing fertile floret and first sterile floret pulled apart. |
| 5462885 |
rhodesgrass |
Chloris gayana |
Fertile floret in ventral view, with sterile floret(s) removed, showing bearded callus, short rachilla, palea, marginal hairs near apex of lemma, and awn. |
| 5462884 |
rhodesgrass |
Chloris gayana |
Caryopsis in dorsal view. |
| 5462883 |
rhodesgrass |
Chloris gayana |
Disseminule in lateral view showing fertile floret and first sterile floret as they naturally occur. |
| 5462009 |
longspine sandbur |
Cenchrus longispinus |
Floret in dorsal (left) view. Note the U-shaped ridge at the base of the lemma. |
| 5462019 |
field sandbur |
Cenchrus spinifex |
Spikelet with the spiny cupule removed. |
| 5462018 |
field sandbur |
Cenchrus spinifex |
Caryopsis in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Note the relatively large embryo. |
| 5462017 |
field sandbur |
Cenchrus spinifex |
Floret in ventral view. |
| 5462015 |
field sandbur |
Cenchrus spinifex |
Disseminule (cupule of fused bristles surrounding spikelets). Base at bottom. |
| 5462016 |
field sandbur |
Cenchrus spinifex |
Floret in dorsal view. Note the U-shaped ridge at the base of the lemma. |
| 5462014 |
field sandbur |
Cenchrus spinifex |
Disseminule (cupule of fused bristles surrounding spikelets). |
| 5462013 |
field sandbur |
Cenchrus spinifex |
Close-up view of the disseminule reveals one of the spikelets enclosed by the spiny cupule. |
| 5462012 |
longspine sandbur |
Cenchrus longispinus |
Spikelet with the spiny cupule removed. During dissection the lower glume often detaches from the spikelet. |
| 5462011 |
longspine sandbur |
Cenchrus longispinus |
Spikelet with the spiny cupule removed. During dissection the lower glume often detaches from the spikelet. |
| 5462010 |
longspine sandbur |
Cenchrus longispinus |
Floret in ventral view. |
| 5462008 |
longspine sandbur |
Cenchrus longispinus |
Caryopses in dorsal view. Note stylar remnant at apex and the relatively large embryo. |
| 5462005 |
longspine sandbur |
Cenchrus longispinus |
Spikelets surrounded by a spiny cupule form the disseminule. Labeled. |
| 5462003 |
longspine sandbur |
Cenchrus longispinus |
Spikelets surrounded by a spiny cupule form the disseminule. Labeled. |
| 5462004 |
longspine sandbur |
Cenchrus longispinus |
Spikelets surrounded by a spiny cupule form the disseminule. Base at bottom. |
| 5462007 |
longspine sandbur |
Cenchrus longispinus |
Caryopsis in ventral view showing hilum. |
| 5462006 |
longspine sandbur |
Cenchrus longispinus |
Close-up view of the disseminule showing the enclosed spikelets. Base at bottom. |
| 5459576 |
Texas filaree |
Erodium texanum |
Two mericarp bodies. |
| 5459577 |
Texas filaree |
Erodium texanum |
Seed—looking down on the hilum. Ridge extends from the end of the hilum right towards the apex of the seed. |
| 5459575 |
Texas filaree |
Erodium texanum |
Mericarp, intact. Note the two hair types (long and short) on the twisted part of the beak. |
| 5459571 |
whitestem filaree |
Erodium moschatum |
Close-up of the glands in the pits and furrows. |
| 5459572 |
whitestem filaree |
Erodium moschatum |
Various mericarps. |
| 5459573 |
whitestem filaree |
Erodium moschatum |
Seed—looking down on the hilum. |
| 5459570 |
whitestem filaree |
Erodium moschatum |
Two views of two mericarps. |
| 5459567 |
redstem filaree |
Erodium cicutarium |
Lateral views of two mericarp bodies showing the glabrous furrow below the pits. |
| 5459568 |
redstem filaree |
Erodium cicutarium |
Two views of two seeds. The shallow grooves delineate the low ridge on the hilar side of the seed. |
| 5459569 |
redstem filaree |
Erodium cicutarium |
Two views of two mericarps. |
| 5459565 |
shortfruit stork's bill |
Erodium brachycarpum |
Two intact mericarps. |
| 5459566 |
shortfruit stork's bill |
Erodium brachycarpum |
Two views of two seeds. The shallow grooves delineate the low ridge on the hilar side of the seed. |
| 5459564 |
shortfruit stork's bill |
Erodium brachycarpum |
Lateral views of two mericarps. |
| 5459562 |
broadleaf filaree |
Erodium botrys |
Two views of mericarp body. |
| 5459563 |
broadleaf filaree |
Erodium botrys |
Two seed views. The shallow grooves delineate the low ridge that extends upwards from the end of the hilum. |
| 5459560 |
broadleaf filaree |
Erodium botrys |
Close-up of a mericarp body. Note the ridges near the apex and the stiff antrorse hairs along the body. |
| 5459561 |
broadleaf filaree |
Erodium botrys |
Multiple views of mericarp bodies. |
| 5455902 |
green fiddleneck |
Amsinckia vernicosa var. vernicosa |
Abaxial face or back of two nutlets. |
| 5455901 |
green fiddleneck |
Amsinckia vernicosa |
Nutlets of var. furcata (Suksd.) Hoover (left) and var. vernicosa (right). |
| 5455900 |
forked green fiddleneck |
Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata |
The apical end of the nutlet. Note trigonous shape of nutlet. |
| 5455899 |
forked green fiddleneck |
Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata |
Nutlets in adaxial view, showing longitudinal groove between the two faces of the adaxial side. |
| 5455898 |
forked green fiddleneck |
Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata |
Basal end of a nutlet, showing the longitudinal groove splitting into a fork. |
| 5461331 |
garden vetch |
Vicia sativa ssp. nigra |
Seed tilted with hilum to the left. Note the black splotches on the dark reddish testa. |
| 5461332 |
spiny cocklebur |
Xanthium spinosum |
Top of bur, showing one spiny beak (left) and the degenerate remnants of a second beak. |
| 5461333 |
spiny cocklebur |
Xanthium spinosum |
Bur. Note hairs on body. One beak is hidden by a couple of spines. |
| 5461334 |
spiny cocklebur |
Xanthium spinosum |
Disseminule. Note scattered hook-tipped spines and pair of beaks. |
| 5461335 |
spiny cocklebur |
Xanthium spinosum |
Burs arranged with beaks at the top. |
| 5461336 |
common cocklebur |
Xanthium strumarium |
Close-up of the top of the disseminule showing the pair of beaks. |
| 5461337 |
common cocklebur |
Xanthium strumarium |
Cross-section of a bur showing the two fruit cavities, the uppermost with a seed inside. |
| 5461338 |
common cocklebur |
Xanthium strumarium |
Disseminule. Note numerous hook-tipped spines and pair of beaks. |
| 5461321 |
common mullein |
Verbascum thapsus |
Looking down on the flat apex of the seed. |
| 5461322 |
common mullein |
Verbascum thapsus |
Seeds in various positions. The larger end is the apex. |
| 5461323 |
common mullein |
Verbascum thapsus |
Seeds, close-up. Second seed has funicular remnant at base. |
| 5461324 |
purplestamen mullein |
Verbascum virgatum |
Looking down on the flat apex of the seed. |
| 5461325 |
purplestamen mullein |
Verbascum virgatum |
Seeds positioned with apex at top. |
| 5461326 |
purplestamen mullein |
Verbascum virgatum |
Looking down on the hilar region of the seed. |
| 5461327 |
garden vetch |
Vicia sativa ssp. nigra |
Sub-globose seeds, some with long hilum showing. |
| 5461328 |
garden vetch |
Vicia sativa ssp. nigra |
Seed, showing hilum. |
| 5461329 |
garden vetch |
Vicia sativa ssp. nigra |
Close-up of hilar region. |
| 5461330 |
garden vetch |
Vicia sativa ssp. nigra |
Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds. |
| 5461313 |
Persian speedwell |
Veronica persica |
Looking down on the base of a seed. Ventral side facing down. |
| 5461314 |
Persian speedwell |
Veronica persica |
Dorsal view of three seeds. Base at bottom. Note the scarring on the first two seeds, which is not unusual. The transverse ridging is clearest on the last seed. |
| 5461315 |
Persian speedwell |
Veronica persica |
Lateral view of two seeds. Ventral side facing left. |
| 5461316 |
Persian speedwell |
Veronica persica |
Ventral view of three seeds. Base at bottom. In each seed, the hilum is hidden by funiculus. |
| 5461317 |
purslane speedwell |
Veronica peregrina |
Looking down on the base of two seeds. Ventral side facing down. |
| 5461318 |
purslane speedwell |
Veronica peregrina |
Dorsal view of four seeds. Base at bottom. |
| 5461319 |
purslane speedwell |
Veronica peregrina |
Lateral view of two seeds. Ventral side facing left. |
| 5461320 |
purslane speedwell |
Veronica peregrina |
Ventral view of three seeds. Base at bottom. |
| 5461303 |
American speedwell |
Veronica americana |
Seeds, dorsal and ventral views. |
| 5461304 |
American speedwell |
Veronica americana |
Lateral view of three seeds. Basal protrusion at bottom. |
| 5461305 |
water speedwell |
Veronica anagallis-aquatica |
Ventral view of three seeds. |
| 5461306 |
water speedwell |
Veronica anagallis-aquatica |
Close-up of dorsal face. |
| 5461307 |
water speedwell |
Veronica anagallis-aquatica |
Ventral (showing hilum) and dorsal views of seeds. Inset is a view looking down on the base of the seed, with ventral side facing down. |
| 5461308 |
water speedwell |
Veronica anagallis-aquatica |
Lateral view. Ventral side facing left. |
| 5461309 |
corn speedwell |
Veronica arvensis |
Looking down on the base of two seeds. Ventral side facing down. |
| 5461310 |
corn speedwell |
Veronica arvensis |
Dorsal view of three seeds. Base at bottom. |
| 5461311 |
corn speedwell |
Veronica arvensis |
Lateral view. Ventral side facing left. |
| 5461312 |
corn speedwell |
Veronica arvensis |
Ventral view of three seeds. Base at bottom. Note large size of the hilar scar. |
| 5461298 |
burning nettle |
Urtica urens |
Fruit. |
| 5461299 |
burning nettle |
Urtica urens |
Top view of two fruits. |
| 5461300 |
burning nettle |
Urtica urens |
Empty tepals. (Fruit has slipped out of perianth.) |
| 5461301 |
American speedwell |
Veronica americana |
Dorsal view of three seeds. Note protrusion at base. |
| 5461302 |
American speedwell |
Veronica americana |
Ventral view of three seeds. Note the obscure line running from the hilum to the base on the first seed. |
| 5461295 |
burning nettle |
Urtica urens |
Close-up of fruit's surface. |
| 5461296 |
burning nettle |
Urtica urens |
Lateral view of two fruits. Apices at top. |
| 5461284 |
white clover |
Trifolium repens |
Close-up of hilar region. |
| 5461285 |
white clover |
Trifolium repens |
Lateral view of three seeds positioned so that the relatively narrow radicle is at the top and the cotyledons, with dark spot over them, is at the bottom. |
| 5461286 |
puncturevine |
Tribulus terrestris |
Bottomside view of an intact fruit. Note fruit stem in center. |
| 5461287 |
puncturevine |
Tribulus terrestris |
Cross-section of a mericarp showing two locules—one containing a seed (top) and one empty. |
| 5461288 |
puncturevine |
Tribulus terrestris |
Five mericarps, with the pair in the upper left corner still attached to each other. |
| 5461289 |
puncturevine |
Tribulus terrestris |
Two views of two immature seeds. |
| 5461290 |
stinging nettle |
Urtica dioica |
Fruit with inner tepals still attached. Note the fragility of the tepals. |
| 5461291 |
stinging nettle |
Urtica dioica |
Lateral view of three fruits. Apices at top. |
| 5461292 |
stinging nettle |
Urtica dioica |
Close-up of fruit's surface. Inset is of the stylar remnant. |
| 5461293 |
stinging nettle |
Urtica dioica |
Fruits, the first one with some perianth tissue still attached. Apices at top. |
| 5461294 |
burning nettle |
Urtica urens |
Bottom view of two fruits. |
| 5461275 |
knotted hedgeparsley |
Torilis nodosa |
Abaxial side of three mericarps. Note scattered hairs among tubercles and spines of varying lengths. |
| 5461276 |
knotted hedgeparsley |
Torilis nodosa |
Adaxial side of three mericarps. Note deep dark longitudinal groove leading from scar to stylopodium. |
| 5461277 |
knotted hedgeparsley |
Torilis nodosa |
Close-up of mericarp surface. |
| 5461278 |
knotted hedgeparsley |
Torilis nodosa |
Fruits still on the inflorescence. |
| 5461279 |
Pacific poison-oak |
Toxicodendron diversilobum |
Basal view of three fruits, showing large stem attachment scar. |
| 5461280 |
Pacific poison-oak |
Toxicodendron diversilobum |
Mature fruits in various positions. |
| 5461281 |
Pacific poison-oak |
Toxicodendron diversilobum |
Lateral view of three fruits. Stem scar facing left. |
| 5461282 |
Pacific poison-oak |
Toxicodendron diversilobum |
Apical view of three fruits. |
| 5461283 |
white clover |
Trifolium repens |
Seeds positioned on one of their faces with hilar notch pointing up. Note shallow groove between radicle on left side of seed and the cotyledons on the right. |
| 5461267 |
field pennycress |
Thlaspi arvense |
Seeds, lateral view. Radicle positioned towards the front, cotyledons to the back. |
| 5461268 |
field pennycress |
Thlaspi arvense |
Looking down on the hilar region of two seeds. |
| 5461269 |
hedgeparsley |
Torilis arvensis |
Fruits on inflorescence and two loose mericarps. |
| 5461270 |
hedgeparsley |
Torilis arvensis |
Adaxial side of three mericarps. Note the deep longitudinal groove leading up to the distinctive apex formed by stylopodium. |
| 5461271 |
hedgeparsley |
Torilis arvensis |
Abaxial side of three mericarps. Apex at top. Note long hairs among the short spines. |
| 5461272 |
hedgeparsley |
Torilis arvensis |
Adaxial (left) and abaxial (right) sides of a long-spined pair of mericarps. Attachment scar at bottom. |
| 5461273 |
knotted hedgeparsley |
Torilis nodosa |
Mericarps in various positions, some with tubercles, some with short to long spines. |
| 5461274 |
knotted hedgeparsley |
Torilis nodosa |
Abaxial (left) and adaxial (right) sides of a long-spined pair of mericarps. Attachment scar at bottom. |
| 5461259 |
feverfew |
Tanacetum parthenium |
Fruit with corolla still attached. Note the yellowish glands on the ribbed fruit body. |
| 5461260 |
feverfew |
Tanacetum parthenium |
Ventral (left) and lateral (right) views of fruits with coroniform pappi at the apex. |
| 5461261 |
feverfew |
Tanacetum parthenium |
Looking down on the apex of three fruits. Note the lobed stylar bases, which are most clearly seen in the first and third specimens. |
| 5461262 |
dandelion |
Taraxacum officinale |
Looking down on the stylar remnant. |
| 5461263 |
dandelion |
Taraxacum officinale |
Basal fruit attachment scar. |
| 5461264 |
dandelion |
Taraxacum officinale |
Three fruit bodies, the center one with the beak still attached. |
| 5461265 |
dandelion |
Taraxacum officinale |
Lateral view of a fruit body, with inset of a fruit body cross-section. |
| 5461266 |
field pennycress |
Thlaspi arvense |
Seeds, face view. Note distinctive concentric ridges. |
| 5461252 |
common chickweed |
Stellaria media |
Marginal view of seed showing hilar region. |
| 5461253 |
common chickweed |
Stellaria media |
Seed on edge at an angle (note wedge shape). Hilum is unseen at the bottom. |
| 5461254 |
wild marigold |
Tagetes minuta |
Close-up of basal fruit attachment scar of two disseminules. The left fruit is lying on its dorsal side and the right one on a lateral side. |
| 5461255 |
wild marigold |
Tagetes minuta |
Close-up of pappus scales on two fruits. The top fruit is lying on its dorsal side and the bottom fruit is lying on a lateral side. |
| 5461256 |
wild marigold |
Tagetes minuta |
Four fruits with pappus scales intact. The top and third fruits are lying on their dorsal side, the second and bottom fruits are lying on a lateral side. |
| 5461257 |
wild marigold |
Tagetes minuta |
Four fruits with scales attached. |
| 5461258 |
feverfew |
Tanacetum parthenium |
Looking down on the base of two fruits. The fruit attachment scars are variably lobed in this species. |
| 5461241 |
annual sowthistle |
Sonchus oleraceus |
Looking down on the apex (top) and basal fruit attachment scar (bottom) of a disseminule. |
| 5461242 |
annual sowthistle |
Sonchus oleraceus |
Cross-section of fruit body. |
| 5461243 |
annual sowthistle |
Sonchus oleraceus |
Fruits with pappus removed. They are aligned so that the stylar end of each fruit is at the top. |
| 5461244 |
annual sowthistle |
Sonchus oleraceus |
Fruits, the top one in lateral view. |
| 5461245 |
corn spurry |
Spergula arvensis |
Close-up of seed surface and the club-shaped papillae. |
| 5461246 |
corn spurry |
Spergula arvensis |
Some seeds with club-shaped papillae. |
| 5461247 |
corn spurry |
Spergula arvensis |
Marginal view—looking down on the hilum. |
| 5461248 |
corn spurry |
Spergula arvensis |
Arrow pointing to hilum. |
| 5461249 |
corn spurry |
Spergula arvensis |
Seed with club-shaped papillae. |
| 5461250 |
common chickweed |
Stellaria media |
Seeds in various positions. Darker area is the notch where the hilum is located. |
| 5461251 |
common chickweed |
Stellaria media |
Close-up of seeds (the left one is positioned at an angle, the right seed is lying flat). |
| 5459996 |
purple nightshade |
Solanum xanti |
Seed surface, close-up. White tissue represents remnants of the dried mucilaginous envelope. |
| 5459997 |
purple nightshade |
Solanum xanti |
Note the large amount of whitish pericarp tissue still attached to the seed's surface. |
| 5459998 |
purple nightshade |
Solanum xanti |
Arrows point to the notch along which lies the hilum for each seed. |
| 5459999 |
purple nightshade |
Solanum xanti |
Lateral view of five seeds showing hilum (see arrows). |
| 5461236 |
spiny sowthistle |
Sonchus asper |
Looking down on the apical scar of two fruits with pappus removed. Note the compression of the fruits. |
| 5461237 |
spiny sowthistle |
Sonchus asper |
Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scar of two disseminules. |
| 5461238 |
spiny sowthistle |
Sonchus asper |
Close-up of fruit body. |
| 5461239 |
spiny sowthistle |
Sonchus asper |
Fruits with pappus removed and aligned with the apical scar at top. |
| 5461240 |
spiny sowthistle |
Sonchus asper |
Fruits, each entangled in its own pappus. |
| 5459986 |
buffalobur |
Solanum rostratum |
Arrows point to the notch along which lies the hilum for each seed. |
| 5459987 |
buffalobur |
Solanum rostratum |
Marginal view of two seeds showing hilum. |
| 5459988 |
buffalobur |
Solanum rostratum |
Hilum, close-up. |
| 5459989 |
cutleaf nightshade |
Solanum triflorum |
Close-up of seed's surface. |
| 5459990 |
cutleaf nightshade |
Solanum triflorum |
Arrows point to the marginal position of the hilum for each seed. |
| 5459991 |
cutleaf nightshade |
Solanum triflorum |
Lateral view of four seeds showing hilum. The dark tissue represents remnants of the dried mucilaginous envelope. |
| 5459992 |
bluewitch nightshade |
Solanum umbelliferum |
Seed surface, close-up. |
| 5459993 |
bluewitch nightshade |
Solanum umbelliferum |
Seeds in various positions. |
| 5459994 |
bluewitch nightshade |
Solanum umbelliferum |
Arrows point to the notch along which lies the hilum for each seed. |
| 5459995 |
bluewitch nightshade |
Solanum umbelliferum |
Lateral view of four seeds showing hilum. |
| 5459981 |
hairy nightshade |
Solanum physalifolium |
Seeds in various positions. |
| 5459982 |
hairy nightshade |
Solanum physalifolium |
Arrows point to the notch along which lies the hilum for each seed. |
| 5459983 |
hairy nightshade |
Solanum physalifolium |
Marginal view of four seeds showing hilum. |
| 5459984 |
buffalobur |
Solanum rostratum |
Close-up of surface, showing pitting and iridescence. |
| 5459985 |
buffalobur |
Solanum rostratum |
Seed, hilum in notch on lower left. |
| 5459977 |
black nightshade |
Solanum nigrum |
Close-up of seed's surface showing fine striations on top of the honeycombed texture. |
| 5459978 |
black nightshade |
Solanum nigrum |
Arrows point to the marginal position of the hilum for each seed. Note that it is often below the seed's shallow notch. |
| 5459979 |
black nightshade |
Solanum nigrum |
Lateral view of three seeds showing hilum. |
| 5459980 |
hairy nightshade |
Solanum physalifolium |
Seed surface, close-up. |
| 5459967 |
robust horsenettle |
Solanum dimidiatum |
Seed surface, close-up. |
| 5459968 |
robust horsenettle |
Solanum dimidiatum |
Seed surface at high magnification. |
| 5459969 |
robust horsenettle |
Solanum dimidiatum |
Variation in seeds. |
| 5459970 |
robust horsenettle |
Solanum dimidiatum |
Arrows point to the notch along which lies the hilum for each seed. |
| 5459971 |
robust horsenettle |
Solanum dimidiatum |
Lateral view of five seeds showing hilum (see arrows). |
| 5459972 |
silverleaf nightshade |
Solanum elaeagnifolium |
Angled close-up showing hilum. |
| 5459973 |
silverleaf nightshade |
Solanum elaeagnifolium |
Arrows point to the notch along which lies the hilum for each seed. |
| 5459974 |
silverleaf nightshade |
Solanum elaeagnifolium |
Fruits with persistent calyx. |
| 5459975 |
silverleaf nightshade |
Solanum elaeagnifolium |
Lateral view of two seeds showing hilum. |
| 5459976 |
black nightshade |
Solanum nigrum |
Hilum (unseen) along lower right edge. |
| 5459957 |
London rocket |
Sisymbrium irio |
Seeds positioned on their narrow sides, with hilum at top and cotyledonary bulge in front. |
| 5459958 |
hedge mustard |
Sisymbrium officinale |
Middle seed is lying on its flatter face. The other seeds are resting off-center on their longitudinally convex faces. Hilum at top. |
| 5459959 |
hedge mustard |
Sisymbrium officinale |
Looking down at the hilar region of two seeds. |
| 5459960 |
hedge mustard |
Sisymbrium officinale |
Seeds on their side. Note the strongly transversely-ridged face on right side of the right seed. |
| 5459961 |
oriental mustard |
Sisymbrium orientale |
The transversely convex face of two seeds. Cotyledons represent the larger bulge, which sometimes has greenish speckling. |
| 5459962 |
oriental mustard |
Sisymbrium orientale |
Seeds positioned on their sides, with the transversely ridged side facing left and the hilum at the top. |
| 5459963 |
oriental mustard |
Sisymbrium orientale |
Looking down at the hilar region of three seeds. |
| 5459964 |
American black nightshade |
Solanum americanum |
Close-up of seed's surface showing undulating ridges. |
| 5459965 |
American black nightshade |
Solanum americanum |
Arrows point to the notch along which lies the hilum for each seed. |
| 5459966 |
American black nightshade |
Solanum americanum |
Lateral view of three seeds showing hilum. |
| 5459947 |
wild mustard |
Sinapis arvensis |
ooking down on the hilar region of two seeds. |
| 5459948 |
wild mustard |
Sinapis arvensis |
Close-up of hilar region. |
| 5459949 |
wild mustard |
Sinapis arvensis |
Seeds in various positions. Note the lack of a ridge formed by the radicle. |
| 5459950 |
wild mustard |
Sinapis arvensis |
Seed without hilum showing. |
| 5459951 |
wild mustard |
Sinapis arvensis |
Note how the faint reticular striations radiate outwards from the hilum. |
| 5459952 |
tumble mustard |
Sisymbrium altissimum |
On the third seed, note the greenish markings as well as the transverse ridge on one of the two faces. |
| 5459953 |
tumble mustard |
Sisymbrium altissimum |
Seeds with hilar region at bottom. Longitudinal grooves mark the division between the radicle and the cotyledons on each seed. |
| 5459954 |
tumble mustard |
Sisymbrium altissimum |
Looking down, at a slight angle, on the hilar region of four seeds. On each seed, the larger of the two lobes is where the cotyledons lie and the smaller lobe represents the position of the radicle. |
| 5459955 |
London rocket |
Sisymbrium irio |
Seeds positioned with hilum at top. The longitudinal groove separates the radicle from the cotyledons. |
| 5459956 |
London rocket |
Sisymbrium irio |
Looking down at the hilar region of three seeds. |
| 5459937 |
common groundsel |
Senecio vulgaris |
Fruits without pappus, close-up. These fruits lack distinctive ribs. |
| 5459938 |
common groundsel |
Senecio vulgaris |
Fruits without pappus. |
| 5459939 |
common groundsel |
Senecio vulgaris |
Fruits without pappus. Ribs are evident. Note that the stylar remnant protrudes beyond the apical collar in some fruits. |
| 5459940 |
English catchfly |
Silene gallica |
Peripheral view of a seed resting on its hilar end. Note the bejeweled look of the papillae on the raised cells. |
| 5459941 |
English catchfly |
Silene gallica |
Seeds in various positions, including one where the hilum is facing straight up. |
| 5459942 |
English catchfly |
Silene gallica |
Peripheral view of the orange-colored hilar opening. Note the grayish sheen on the seed's surface. |
| 5459943 |
English catchfly |
Silene gallica |
Seeds in lateral view showing kidney-shaped outline and hilum in marginal notch. |
| 5459944 |
blessed milkthistle |
Silybum marianum |
Fruits without pappus aligned with the apical scar at the top. Note rippled fruit surface. Inset is a cross-section of one fruit. |
| 5459946 |
wild mustard |
Sinapis arvensis |
Close-up of the hilar region. Note the finely striated surfaces of the interspaces and reticulum. |
| 5459928 |
California arrowhead |
Sagittaria montevidensis |
Fruit, attachment scar at bottom. |
| 5459929 |
barbwire Russian-thistle |
Salsola paulsenii |
Most fruits with attached perianth are positioned with their apices upward. The spinose apical tip characterizes this species. |
| 5459930 |
Russian-thistle |
Salsola tragus |
Looking down on the bases (where perianth bracts are attached) of two disseminules. |
| 5459931 |
Russian-thistle |
Salsola tragus |
Disseminules with varying amounts of perianth attached. Note obovoid shape of most fruits. |
| 5459932 |
Russian-thistle |
Salsola tragus |
Looking down on the bases of two seeds after most perianth tissue has been removed. Note coiled embryo. |
| 5459933 |
Russian-thistle |
Salsola tragus |
Looking down on the tops of two seeds after most perianth tissue has been removed. Note coiled embryo. |
| 5459934 |
Russian-thistle |
Salsola tragus |
Looking down on the apices of two fruits with perianth attached. |
| 5459935 |
common groundsel |
Senecio vulgaris |
Looking down on the pronounced apical collar and prominent style base of two fruits. |
| 5459936 |
common groundsel |
Senecio vulgaris |
Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scars of two fruits. |
| 5459920 |
Gregg arrowhead |
Sagittaria longiloba |
Fruit, attachment scar at bottom. |
| 5459921 |
Gregg arrowhead |
Sagittaria longiloba |
Close-up of top of fruit. |
| 5459922 |
Gregg arrowhead |
Sagittaria longiloba |
ruits. Note wavy texture of the surface of the wings and horseshoe-shaped embryo. |
| 5459923 |
Gregg arrowhead |
Sagittaria longiloba |
Looking down on the bases of two fruits. |
| 5459924 |
California arrowhead |
Sagittaria montevidensis |
Embryo. |
| 5459925 |
California arrowhead |
Sagittaria montevidensis |
Fruits. Note thinness and fragility (especially around stem scar at base) of the pericarp. The beak of the first fruit (furthest left) is also broken. |
| 5459926 |
California arrowhead |
Sagittaria montevidensis |
Looking down on the ragged base of a fruit. |
| 5459918 |
common arrowhead |
Sagittaria latifolia |
Fruit, attachment scar at bottom. |
| 5459914 |
common arrowhead |
Sagittaria latifolia |
Embryo. |
| 5459915 |
common arrowhead |
Sagittaria latifolia |
Fruits. |
| 5459916 |
common arrowhead |
Sagittaria latifolia |
Looking down on the base of a fruit. |
| 5459911 |
cluster dock |
Rumex conglomeratus |
Fruits with perianth removed. Apices at top. |
| 5459912 |
curly dock |
Rumex crispus |
Disseminules, some with outer tepals still attached. |
| 5459913 |
curly dock |
Rumex crispus |
Looking down on the base of a fruit that has been cut in half. |
| 5459879 |
ladies' tobacco |
Pseudognaphalium californicum |
Looking down on the bases of four fruits. Ring-like structure is fruit attachment scar. |
| 5459901 |
marsh yellowcress |
Rorippa palustris |
Close-up of surface around hilar region. Note the curved radicle tip. Hilum above that. |
| 5459902 |
marsh yellowcress |
Rorippa palustris |
Seeds in various positions |
| 5459903 |
marsh yellowcress |
Rorippa palustris |
Face view of two seeds. Hilar region at top. Radicle on left, cotyledons on right. |
| 5459904 |
red sorrel |
Rumex acetosella |
Mature fruit wrapped in perianth and with pedicel still attached. |
| 5459905 |
red sorrel |
Rumex acetosella |
Fruits with perianth still attached. |
| 5459906 |
red sorrel |
Rumex acetosella |
Fruits with apices towards top. |
| 5459907 |
red sorrel |
Rumex acetosella |
Looking down on the apex (left) and base (right) of a fruit. |
| 5459908 |
cluster dock |
Rumex conglomeratus |
Fruit without perianth attached. Apex at top. |
| 5459909 |
cluster dock |
Rumex conglomeratus |
Looking down on the apex (left) and base of a fruit that has been cut in half. |
| 5459910 |
cluster dock |
Rumex conglomeratus |
Two labelled fruits with perianth and pedicel attached. |
| 5459892 |
wild radish |
Raphanus raphanistrum |
Looking down on the hilar region of the seed. |
| 5459893 |
wild radish |
Raphanus raphanistrum |
Seed. Note the three ridges outlining the position of the radicle. |
| 5459894 |
curvepod yellowcress |
Rorippa curvisiliqua |
Fruit and seeds. |
| 5459895 |
curvepod yellowcress |
Rorippa curvisiliqua |
Looking down on the hilar regions of two seeds. Note oblong cross-section. |
| 5459896 |
curvepod yellowcress |
Rorippa curvisiliqua |
Lateral view. Hilum at bottom. Radicle in front. |
| 5459897 |
curvepod yellowcress |
Rorippa curvisiliqua |
Close-up of surface around hilar region. Note the air-filled, shiny bubbles covering the surface. |
| 5459898 |
curvepod yellowcress |
Rorippa curvisiliqua |
Seeds in face view. Note dark hilar region. |
| 5459899 |
marsh yellowcress |
Rorippa palustris |
Fruit and seeds. Fruit apex to right. |
| 5459900 |
marsh yellowcress |
Rorippa palustris |
Looking down on the hilar regions of two seeds. Radicle at the top, cotyledons at the bottom. Funicular remnants missing. |
| 5459882 |
Jersey cudweed |
Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum |
Fruits at various angles. |
| 5459883 |
Jersey cudweed |
Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum |
Looking down on the bases of three fruits. Ring-like structure is fruit attachment scar. |
| 5459884 |
Jersey cudweed |
Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum |
Labelled fruit with a prominent style remnant. |
| 5459885 |
Jersey cudweed |
Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum |
Looking down on the apices of four fruits. Note that only one of the fruits has retained a prominent style base. |
| 5459886 |
cottonbatting plant |
Pseudognaphalium stramineum |
Fruits at various angles. Note the cottony hairs, which cover the rest of the plant, occurring (but not originating) on some of the fruits (e.g., lower left). |
| 5459887 |
cottonbatting plant |
Pseudognaphalium stramineum |
Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scar of four fruits. |
| 5459888 |
cottonbatting plant |
Pseudognaphalium stramineum |
Fruits lying on their dorsal side with apices towards top. The ventral ridge is barely visible on each fruit. |
| 5459889 |
cottonbatting plant |
Pseudognaphalium stramineum |
Looking down upon the apices of four fruits. Note that only the first two fruits have prominent stylar tissue attached. |
| 5459890 |
wild radish |
Raphanus raphanistrum |
Close-up of the seed's surface. Note pitting in the reticular interspaces. |
| 5459891 |
wild radish |
Raphanus raphanistrum |
Two fruit fragments. Some of the pericarp has been removed from the second fragment to reveal the seed. |
| 5459874 |
two-color rabbit-tobacco |
Pseudognaphalium biolettii |
Fruits at various angles. |
| 5459875 |
two-color rabbit-tobacco |
Pseudognaphalium biolettii |
Looking down on the bases of four fruits. Ring-like structure is fruit attachment scar. |
| 5459876 |
two-color rabbit-tobacco |
Pseudognaphalium biolettii |
Fruit, lateral view. |
| 5459877 |
two-color rabbit-tobacco |
Pseudognaphalium biolettii |
Looking down on the apices of four fruits. |
| 5459878 |
ladies' tobacco |
Pseudognaphalium californicum |
Fruits at various angles. |
| 5459880 |
ladies' tobacco |
Pseudognaphalium californicum |
Looking down on the apices of three fruits, each with varying amounts of stylar tissue attached. |
| 5459881 |
Jersey cudweed |
Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum |
Fruits with stylar remnants at top and attachment scars at bottom. |
| 5459864 |
Virginia winged rockcress |
Planodes virginicum |
Close-up of the surface of the seed near the hilar region. |
| 5459865 |
Virginia winged rockcress |
Planodes virginicum |
Seeds in various positions. |
| 5459866 |
Virginia winged rockcress |
Planodes virginicum |
Face view of two seeds. Hilar region at bottom. Note that the groove separating radicle from cotyledons is very short. |
| 5459867 |
prostrate knotweed |
Polygonum aviculare |
Old fruit with perianth. Apex at top. |
| 5459868 |
prostrate knotweed |
Polygonum aviculare |
Looking down on the fruit apex. Note that one of the faces is significantly narrower than the other two faces. |
| 5459869 |
prostrate knotweed |
Polygonum aviculare |
Three fruits with most of the perianth removed. Note granular surface and divided apex. |
| 5459870 |
common purslane |
Portulaca oleracea |
Close-up of seed's surface. Note variation in the shape of the tubercles. |
| 5459871 |
common purslane |
Portulaca oleracea |
Seeds in face view. Note groove extending inwards from the hilar region. |
| 5459872 |
common purslane |
Portulaca oleracea |
Lateral view of seed with hilar region in two positions. |
| 5459873 |
common purslane |
Portulaca oleracea |
Seed, hilar region in lower left. |
| 5459855 |
buckhorn plantain |
Plantago lanceolata |
Ventral view of three seeds. |
| 5459856 |
buckhorn plantain |
Plantago lanceolata |
An intact fruit, partial fruit shell, and several seeds. |
| 5459857 |
buckhorn plantain |
Plantago lanceolata |
Lateral view of four seeds. Ventral surface facing left. |
| 5459858 |
broadleaf plantain |
Plantago major |
Dorsal face of seed. Note the pronounced wrinkles. |
| 5459859 |
broadleaf plantain |
Plantago major |
Seeds in various positions. Hilum on ventral side. |
| 5459860 |
broadleaf plantain |
Plantago major |
Looking down on the ventral faces of two seeds. Seed on the right is at a slight angle. |
| 5459861 |
broadleaf plantain |
Plantago major |
Lateral view of three seeds. Ventral side facing right. Note variation in compression. |
| 5459862 |
Virginia winged rockcress |
Planodes virginicum |
Fruit and seeds. |
| 5459863 |
Virginia winged rockcress |
Planodes virginicum |
Lateral view of three seeds. Ventral side facing right. Note variation in compression. |
| 5459848 |
cutleaf groundcherry |
Physalis lancifolia |
Lateral view of four seeds. Arrows point to the hilum. |
| 5459849 |
cutleaf groundcherry |
Physalis lancifolia |
Hilum in notch. |
| 5459850 |
tomatillo groundcherry |
Physalis philadelphica |
Seeds in various positions. |
| 5459851 |
tomatillo groundcherry |
Physalis philadelphica |
Lateral view of four seeds. Arrows point to hilar opening. |
| 5459852 |
tomatillo groundcherry |
Physalis philadelphica |
Close-up of seed and its relatively long hilum. |
| 5459853 |
tomatillo groundcherry |
Physalis philadelphica |
Long hilum on lower right edge. |
| 5459854 |
buckhorn plantain |
Plantago lanceolata |
Close-up of the surface of the dorsal face of the seed. |
| 5459842 |
sharpleaf groundcherry |
Physalis acutifolia |
Close-up of seed showing undulating ridges. |
| 5459843 |
sharpleaf groundcherry |
Physalis acutifolia |
Arrows point to the shallow notch along which lies the hilum for each seed. |
| 5459844 |
sharpleaf groundcherry |
Physalis acutifolia |
Face view of a seed, hilum along lower right edge. |
| 5459845 |
sharpleaf groundcherry |
Physalis acutifolia |
Lateral view of three seeds showing hilum. |
| 5459846 |
cutleaf groundcherry |
Physalis lancifolia |
Seed surface, close-up. |
| 5459847 |
cutleaf groundcherry |
Physalis lancifolia |
The uppermost seed has some pericarp still attached to it. |
| 5459839 |
dotted smartweed |
Persicaria punctata |
Looking down on the apex (left) and base (right) of the fruit. |
| 5459840 |
dotted smartweed |
Persicaria punctata |
Fruits covered by perianth. Perianth has turned from green to brownish with age. |
| 5459841 |
dotted smartweed |
Persicaria punctata |
Close-up of glands on perianth of an old fruit. |
| 5459830 |
pale smartweed |
Persicaria lapathifolia |
Fruits, some with perianth tissue still attached. |
| 5459831 |
pale smartweed |
Persicaria lapathifolia |
Lateral view of a biconcave fruit with the apex and stylar remnant at the top. |
| 5459832 |
pale smartweed |
Persicaria lapathifolia |
Looking down on the apex of the fruit. |
| 5459833 |
ladysthumb |
Persicaria maculosa |
Looking down on the apex of a biconvex (left) and a trigonous (right) fruit. |
| 5459834 |
ladysthumb |
Persicaria maculosa |
Looking down on the base of a biconvex (left) and a trigonous (right) fruit. |
| 5459835 |
ladysthumb |
Persicaria maculosa |
A biconvex fruit (left) and a trigonous fruit (right, looking down on one of the rounded edges). Apices at top. |
| 5459836 |
ladysthumb |
Persicaria maculosa |
Fruit with perianth still attached. |
| 5459837 |
dotted smartweed |
Persicaria punctata |
Close-up of uneven surface with minute pitting. |
| 5459838 |
dotted smartweed |
Persicaria punctata |
Fruits with some perianth remnants at the base. |
| 5459822 |
creeping woodsorrel |
Oxalis corniculata |
Seed with whitish aril still attached. |
| 5459823 |
creeping woodsorrel |
Oxalis corniculata |
Seeds positioned on one of their flat faces, with hilum at bottom. Note transverse ridging. White remnants are of the aril that enclosed the seed and ejected it from the fruit. |
| 5459824 |
creeping woodsorrel |
Oxalis corniculata |
Looking down on the hilar tip. |
| 5459825 |
swamp smartweed |
Persicaria hydropiperoides |
Looking down on the apices of two fruits. |
| 5459826 |
swamp smartweed |
Persicaria hydropiperoides |
Looking down on the base of the fruit at the round attachment scar. |
| 5459827 |
swamp smartweed |
Persicaria hydropiperoides |
Fruits with some perianth tissue still attached. |
| 5459828 |
swamp smartweed |
Persicaria hydropiperoides |
Fruit positioned so that the apex is to the right. |
| 5459829 |
pale smartweed |
Persicaria lapathifolia |
Looking down on the base of the fruit. |
| 5459816 |
cutleaf evening-primrose |
Oenothera laciniata |
Seeds positioned with raphe up. |
| 5459817 |
Scotch thistle |
Onopordum acanthium |
Three fruits. |
| 5459818 |
Scotch thistle |
Onopordum acanthium |
Lateral view of a fruit with an inset of the fruit's 4-sided cross-section. |
| 5459819 |
Scotch thistle |
Onopordum acanthium |
Young fruit with pappus and corolla remnant still attached. Note the reddish color of the bristles. |
| 5459820 |
creeping woodsorrel |
Oxalis corniculata |
Dehisced fruit and four loose seeds. |
| 5459821 |
creeping woodsorrel |
Oxalis corniculata |
Lateral view of the relatively thin seeds, each furrowed along the margin. Hilum at bottom. |
| 5459806 |
yellow sweetclover |
Melilotus officinalis |
Lateral view of three seeds. |
| 5459807 |
yellow sweetclover |
Melilotus officinalis |
Close-up of hilar region. |
| 5459808 |
yellow sweetclover |
Melilotus officinalis |
Seeds positioned on one of their faces with hilar notch pointing up. Note shallow, pale groove running from the hilum towards narrow end of the seed. Radicle is on the right. |
| 5459809 |
Texas toadflax |
Nuttallanthus texanus |
The seed face lacking the longitudinal groove. Hilum at bottom. |
| 5459810 |
Texas toadflax |
Nuttallanthus texanus |
Looking down on the flat, dimpled apex of the seed. Note that each seed is ± 5-sided in cross-section. |
| 5459811 |
Texas toadflax |
Nuttallanthus texanus |
Seed face with longitudinal groove. Hilum at bottom. |
| 5459812 |
Texas toadflax |
Nuttallanthus texanus |
Seeds in various positions. |
| 5459813 |
cutleaf evening-primrose |
Oenothera laciniata |
Seeds positioned with raphe down. Note honeycombed surface with large pits. |
| 5459814 |
cutleaf evening-primrose |
Oenothera laciniata |
Seeds, most positioned on their side. Arrows point to raphe. |
| 5459815 |
cutleaf evening-primrose |
Oenothera laciniata |
Looking down on the base of the seed to see the seed's triangular cross-section. |
| 5459799 |
white sweetclover |
Melilotus albus |
Close-up of hilar region. |
| 5459800 |
white sweetclover |
Melilotus albus |
Seeds positioned on one of their faces with hilar notch pointing up. Note shallow, light-colored groove running from the hilum towards the narrow end of the seed. Radicle is positioned on the right. |
| 5459801 |
annual yellow sweetclover |
Melilotus indicus |
Two mature fruits. |
| 5459802 |
annual yellow sweetclover |
Melilotus indicus |
Lateral view of two seeds. Note dark spot over tips of cotyledons. |
| 5459803 |
annual yellow sweetclover |
Melilotus indicus |
Close-up of hilar region. |
| 5459804 |
annual yellow sweetclover |
Melilotus indicus |
Seeds positioned on one of their faces with hilar notch pointing up. Note shallow, dark groove running from the hilum towards the narrow end of the seed. Radicle is positioned on the right. |
| 5459805 |
yellow sweetclover |
Melilotus officinalis |
Three mature fruits. The venation is not as clear on these fruits as it typically is on other fruits. |
| 5459791 |
California burclover |
Medicago polymorpha |
Lateral view of three seeds. |
| 5459792 |
California burclover |
Medicago polymorpha |
Seeds positioned on one of their flat faces. |
| 5459793 |
California burclover |
Medicago polymorpha |
Dehiscing fruit with seed. Spines have been reduced to tubercles on this fruit. |
| 5459794 |
California burclover |
Medicago polymorpha |
Seeds. The whitish line delineating radicle from cotyledons is visible on most of these seeds. |
| 5459795 |
alfalfa |
Medicago sativa |
Seeds positioned on one of their flat faces. Note shallow, pale groove running from the hilum towards the far end of the seed, delineating the positions of the radicle and cotyledons. |
| 5459796 |
alfalfa |
Medicago sativa |
Lateral view of four seeds positioned so that the radicle is at the top, the hilum is central, and the cotyledons are at the bottom. Note darkened splotch over cotyledons. |
| 5459797 |
white sweetclover |
Melilotus albus |
Five fruits with calyx still attached. |
| 5459798 |
white sweetclover |
Melilotus albus |
Lateral view of three seeds positioned so that the narrow radicle is at the top. Note small dark spot over tip of radicle and large, bilobal spot over tips of cotyledons. |
| 5459784 |
pineapple-weed |
Matricaria discoidea |
Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scars of four disseminules. |
| 5459785 |
pineapple-weed |
Matricaria discoidea |
Fruit, labelled. |
| 5459786 |
pineapple-weed |
Matricaria discoidea |
Looking down on the apices of four fruits. |
| 5459788 |
black medic |
Medicago lupulina |
Lateral view of three seeds positioned so that the radicle is at the top, the hilum is central, and the cotyledons are at the bottom. |
| 5459789 |
black medic |
Medicago lupulina |
Close-up of hilar region. |
| 5459790 |
black medic |
Medicago lupulina |
Seeds positioned on one of their faces. Note shallow, pale groove running from the hilum towards the far end of the seed. Radicle is positioned on the right. |
| 5459782 |
pineapple-weed |
Matricaria discoidea |
Fruits, which are easily identified based on the elongated reddish-brown mucilage glands. |
| 5459783 |
pineapple-weed |
Matricaria discoidea |
Fruits aligned so that stylar end is at the top. |
| 5459774 |
little mallow |
Malva parviflora |
Fruit segments viewed from the top or bottom appear triangular in outline, those viewed from the side look round. |
| 5459775 |
little mallow |
Malva parviflora |
Looking down on the hilar region of the seed. Funiculus sits above flap. |
| 5459776 |
little mallow |
Malva parviflora |
Seeds. The funiculus has pulled away from the hilar region, creating a flap in each notch. |
| 5459777 |
little mallow |
Malva parviflora |
Looking down on three fruit segments, the first rolled so that mostly the top shows and the third so that mostly the bottom shows. |
| 5459778 |
white horehound |
Marrubium vulgare |
Dorsal view of two nutlets. Truncate apex at top. |
| 5459779 |
white horehound |
Marrubium vulgare |
Apical (top) and basal (bottom) views of nutlet. Ventral side facing down. |
| 5459780 |
white horehound |
Marrubium vulgare |
Lateral view of two nutlets. Ventral side facing left. Attachment scar at bottom. |
| 5459781 |
white horehound |
Marrubium vulgare |
Ventral view of five nutlets. Truncate apex at top. |
| 5459765 |
alkali mallow |
Malvella leprosa |
Mericarp. Note the star-shaped hairs on the orange back and the veins on the whitish ventral side. |
| 5459766 |
alkali mallow |
Malvella leprosa |
Fruit segment viewed from ventral side. Damaged pericarp tissue reveals the seed inside. |
| 5459767 |
common mallow |
Malva neglecta |
Backside of fruit. Some calyx has been removed to show the underside of the fruit segments. |
| 5459768 |
common mallow |
Malva neglecta |
Mature fruit with persistent calyx. Note the surface hairs. |
| 5459769 |
common mallow |
Malva neglecta |
Hilar region close-up. |
| 5459770 |
common mallow |
Malva neglecta |
Seeds. The funiculus has pulled away from the hilar region, creating a flap within each notch. |
| 5459771 |
common mallow |
Malva neglecta |
Lateral view of four fruit segments. The darker edge corresponds to the top of the mericarp. |
| 5459772 |
little mallow |
Malva parviflora |
Backside of intact fruit showing calyx. |
| 5459773 |
little mallow |
Malva parviflora |
Mature fruit with persistent calyx. Note the jagged abscission zones between mericarps. |
| 5459756 |
matrimony vine |
Lycium barbarum |
Two seeds with clearly visible round hila. First seed has some pericarp tissue still attached to it. |
| 5459757 |
peach thorn |
Lycium cooperi |
A dried fruit surrounded by seeds, some stuck to or stuck together by hardened pericarp tissues (reddish). |
| 5459758 |
peach thorn |
Lycium cooperi |
Lateral view of two seeds showing hilum. |
| 5459759 |
peach thorn |
Lycium cooperi |
One seed with hilum exposed and two seeds where the hilar opening is obscured by reddish pericarp tissue. |
| 5459760 |
peach thorn |
Lycium cooperi |
Close-up of seed, face view, with hilum showing. |
| 5459761 |
peach thorn |
Lycium cooperi |
Face view of seed with hilum showing. |
| 5459762 |
alkali mallow |
Malvella leprosa |
Fruit. |
| 5459763 |
alkali mallow |
Malvella leprosa |
Looking down on the hilar region of a seed with the funiculus attached (left) and one with the funiculus missing. |
| 5459764 |
alkali mallow |
Malvella leprosa |
Seeds, the first two with a funicular remnant still attached and the third (right) with the funiculus missing. |
| 5459749 |
water jacket |
Lycium andersonii |
An old, shriveled fruit. |
| 5459750 |
water jacket |
Lycium andersonii |
Lateral view of two seeds. Arrows point to hilar openings. |
| 5459751 |
water jacket |
Lycium andersonii |
Close-up of the face of the seed showing the hilar opening. |
| 5459752 |
water jacket |
Lycium andersonii |
Close-up of seed's surface showing low undulating ridges. |
| 5459753 |
water jacket |
Lycium andersonii |
On two of the seeds, the hilar opening is visible. Blackish-red tissue is pericarp remnant. |
| 5459754 |
matrimony vine |
Lycium barbarum |
Seeds. Arrows point to the position along the margin where the hilum occurs. In two of the seeds, the hilum faces upwards. In the other seeds, the hilum faces outwards or downwards. |
| 5459755 |
matrimony vine |
Lycium barbarum |
Close-up of hilum and seed's surface showing pronounced undulating ridges. |
| 5459740 |
Moroccan toadflax |
Linaria maroccana |
Looking down on the narrower end of two seeds. |
| 5459741 |
Moroccan toadflax |
Linaria maroccana |
Close-up of seed's surface. |
| 5459742 |
Moroccan toadflax |
Linaria maroccana |
Ventral view of two seeds. |
| 5459743 |
narrowleaf cottonrose |
Logfia gallica |
Outer cypsela without papillae. |
| 5459744 |
California cottonrose |
Logfia filaginoides |
Fruits of each of the two types (with and without papillae), plus a partial ring of bristles. |
| 5459745 |
California cottonrose |
Logfia filaginoides |
Three inner cypselae without pappus. Apex at top. |
| 5459746 |
California cottonrose |
Logfia filaginoides |
Three outer cypselae, which are rarer than the inner cypselae. Apex at top. Note elongated fruit attachment scar at bottom. |
| 5459747 |
California cottonrose |
Logfia filaginoides |
Looking down on the bases of two fruits of each of the two types (with and without warts). |
| 5459748 |
California cottonrose |
Logfia filaginoides |
Looking down on the apices of three fruits of each of the two types (with and without warts). |
| 5459734 |
dalmatian toadflax |
Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica |
Lateral view of three seeds. Ventral side facing left. |
| 5459735 |
dalmatian toadflax |
Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica |
Seeds in various positions. Note honeycombed surface and ridged edges. |
| 5459736 |
dalmatian toadflax |
Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica |
Close-up of seed edge and surface. |
| 5459737 |
dalmatian toadflax |
Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica |
Ventral view of five seeds. Arrows point to flared hilum. |
| 5459738 |
Moroccan toadflax |
Linaria maroccana |
Looking down on the wider end of a seed. |
| 5459739 |
Moroccan toadflax |
Linaria maroccana |
Dorsal view of three seeds. Narrower end at bottom. |
| 5459727 |
Virginia pepperweed |
Lepidium virginicum |
The opposite side of the intact fruit is purple. |
| 5459728 |
Virginia pepperweed |
Lepidium virginicum |
Fruit and seed (inset). |
| 5459729 |
Virginia pepperweed |
Lepidium virginicum |
Looking into a fruit segment that still contains its seed. |
| 5459730 |
Virginia pepperweed |
Lepidium virginicum |
One intact fruit, one fruit half (containing one seed) and six loose seeds. |
| 5459731 |
Virginia pepperweed |
Lepidium virginicum |
Looking down on the hilar region. Note the triangular cross-section of the seed. |
| 5459732 |
Virginia pepperweed |
Lepidium virginicum |
Lateral view of three seeds. Hilar region at bottom. Note papillate surface. |
| 5459733 |
Virginia pepperweed |
Lepidium virginicum |
Face view of three seeds. Hilar region at bottom. The cotyledons occur in the larger, flattened side. |
| 5459718 |
tongue pepperweed |
Lepidium nitidum |
An intact fruit and six seeds. |
| 5459719 |
tongue pepperweed |
Lepidium nitidum |
Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds. |
| 5459720 |
tongue pepperweed |
Lepidium nitidum |
Lateral view of three seeds. Hilar region at bottom. The longitudinal striations are more obvious in this view. |
| 5459721 |
tongue pepperweed |
Lepidium nitidum |
Face view of three seeds, all with two grooves, which separate the radicle and the cotyledons. Hilar region at bottom. Note rough surface. |
| 5459722 |
upright pepperweed |
Lepidium strictum |
Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds. Note ± triangular cross-section. |
| 5459723 |
upright pepperweed |
Lepidium strictum |
Face view of three seeds. Hilar region at bottom. Radicle on the left side and cotyledons on the right side of each seed. |
| 5459724 |
upright pepperweed |
Lepidium strictum |
Looking into two fruit segments containing a single seed each. |
| 5459725 |
upright pepperweed |
Lepidium strictum |
Fruit and seed (inset). |
| 5459726 |
upright pepperweed |
Lepidium strictum |
A cluster of fruits, a fruit without its pedicel attached and five seeds. |
| 5459709 |
henbit |
Lamium amplexicaule |
Top (left) and bottom (right) views of two nutlets. |
| 5459710 |
henbit |
Lamium amplexicaule |
Ventral view of two nutlets. Elaiosome at bottom. |
| 5459711 |
perennial pepperweed |
Lepidium latifolium |
Intact fruit starting to separate into two halves. |
| 5459712 |
perennial pepperweed |
Lepidium latifolium |
Two intact fruits, several fruit halves (containing one seed each), and two loose seeds. |
| 5459713 |
perennial pepperweed |
Lepidium latifolium |
Looking into a fruit segment that still contains its seed. |
| 5459714 |
perennial pepperweed |
Lepidium latifolium |
Lateral view of three seeds. |
| 5459715 |
perennial pepperweed |
Lepidium latifolium |
Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds. |
| 5459716 |
tongue pepperweed |
Lepidium nitidum |
Note the curved margin of this side of the fruit. |
| 5459717 |
tongue pepperweed |
Lepidium nitidum |
Convex side of the fruit. |
| 5459701 |
green kyllinga |
Kyllinga brevifolia |
Three fruits (left) with little of the outer iridescent layer left on them, one fruit covered with iridescent layer. |
| 5459702 |
green kyllinga |
Kyllinga brevifolia |
Disseminule (spikelet). |
| 5459703 |
green kyllinga |
Kyllinga brevifolia |
Four spikelets. |
| 5459704 |
prickly lettuce |
Lactuca serriola |
Seven fruits with pappus missing, two fruits with beaks broken off. |
| 5459705 |
prickly lettuce |
Lactuca serriola |
Fruits, close-up. The center fruit is in a lateral position. Note hairs on apex of fruit body and barbs on ribs. |
| 5459706 |
henbit |
Lamium amplexicaule |
Sepal tube. Inset—looking into tube at nutlets. |
| 5459707 |
henbit |
Lamium amplexicaule |
Dorsal view of two nutlets. Elaiosome at bottom. |
| 5459708 |
henbit |
Lamium amplexicaule |
Lateral view of two nutlets. Ventral side facing left. Elaiosome at bottom. |
| 5459690 |
poverty sumpweed |
Iva axillaris |
Looking down on the bases of two fruits. The fruit attachment scar is thin and often crescent-shaped. |
| 5459691 |
toad rush |
Juncus bufonius |
Hilar view of two seeds. |
| 5459692 |
toad rush |
Juncus bufonius |
Apical view of two seeds. |
| 5459693 |
toad rush |
Juncus bufonius |
An opened capsule (with tepals and stem still attached) surrounded by a few seeds. |
| 5459694 |
toad rush |
Juncus bufonius |
Seeds in various lateral positions. |
| 5459695 |
toad rush |
Juncus bufonius |
Seeds lined up with the hilum at the bottom. Smooth areas on the seeds are remnants of the outer translucent membrane. |
| 5459684 |
cypressvine morningglory |
Ipomoea quamoclit |
Hilum, close-up. |
| 5459685 |
cypressvine morningglory |
Ipomoea quamoclit |
Dark-colored seeds in dorsal (top) and ventral (showing hilum) views. |
| 5459686 |
poverty sumpweed |
Iva axillaris |
Fruits in various positions. |
| 5459687 |
poverty sumpweed |
Iva axillaris |
Lateral view of disseminules. Note that the lateral edges are sometimes somewhat rib-like. |
| 5459688 |
poverty sumpweed |
Iva axillaris |
Fruits aligned so that stylar end is at the top and fruit attachment scar at the bottom. |
| 5459689 |
poverty sumpweed |
Iva axillaris |
Looking down on the apices of two fruits. Note the whitish ring that is the apical scar. These fruits are ± trigonous in cross-section. |
| 5459677 |
tall morningglory |
Ipomoea purpurea |
Looking down on the hilar end of the seed gives a view of the cross-sectional shape. |
| 5459678 |
tall morningglory |
Ipomoea purpurea |
Seeds in various positions. Arrow points to a thin ridge between the ventral and dorsal sides. Note transverse wrinkles on most seeds. |
| 5459679 |
tall morningglory |
Ipomoea purpurea |
Note that the broad transverse wrinkles make the seeds appear deeply grooved or pitted on the two ventral faces either side of the longitudinal ridge. |
| 5459680 |
cypressvine morningglory |
Ipomoea quamoclit |
Close-up of light and dark-colored seeds showing a granular surface overlaid by tufts of hairs. |
| 5459681 |
cypressvine morningglory |
Ipomoea quamoclit |
Light-colored seeds in dorsal (top) and ventral (showing hilum) views. |
| 5459682 |
cypressvine morningglory |
Ipomoea quamoclit |
Light-colored seeds in ventral (left, showing hilum) and dorsal views. |
| 5459683 |
cypressvine morningglory |
Ipomoea quamoclit |
Looking down on the hilar end of the seed gives a view of the seed's cross-sectional shape (left). The seed on the right is tilted to show the hilum. |
| 5459671 |
ivyleaf morningglory |
Ipomoea hederacea |
Four seeds positioned ± on the ridge of the ventral side. Note the shallow longitudinal groove in the center of the rounded dorsal face. |
| 5459672 |
ivyleaf morningglory |
Ipomoea hederacea |
Close-up of seed's surface showing a clump of long hairs. |
| 5459673 |
ivyleaf morningglory |
Ipomoea hederacea |
Looking down on the hilar end of the seed (hilum not clearly visible). |
| 5459674 |
ivyleaf morningglory |
Ipomoea hederacea |
Seeds in various positions. |
| 5459675 |
ivyleaf morningglory |
Ipomoea hederacea |
Looking at the ventral side of three seeds. Hilum at bottom. |
| 5459676 |
tall morningglory |
Ipomoea purpurea |
Cross-section showing the distinctly folded embryo. |
| 5459663 |
smooth cat's ear |
Hypochaeris glabra |
Close-up of the bodies of a beaked inner cypsela (top) and a beakless outer cypsela (bottom). |
| 5459664 |
smooth cat's ear |
Hypochaeris glabra |
The two fruit types, beaked and beakless. |
| 5459665 |
smooth cat's ear |
Hypochaeris glabra |
Basal fruit attachment scars of four disseminules. The one in the lower right is angled to show the “opening” of the attachment scar. |
| 5459666 |
hairy cat's ear |
Hypochaeris radicata |
Intact fruit. |
| 5459667 |
hairy cat's ear |
Hypochaeris radicata |
Cross-section of a fruit body. |
| 5459668 |
hairy cat's ear |
Hypochaeris radicata |
Three fruit bodies with beaks still attached. Note the variation in the length of the beaks, keeping in mind that the upper two probably are not entire. |
| 5459669 |
hairy cat's ear |
Hypochaeris radicata |
Looking down on the apex of the disseminule. Some pappus bristles have been removed. |
| 5459661 |
smooth cat's ear |
Hypochaeris glabra |
Looking down on the apex of a fruit with a style base remnant. |
| 5459662 |
smooth cat's ear |
Hypochaeris glabra |
Looking down on the apex of a fruit with a missing style base. Note the two types of pappus bristles. |
| 5459657 |
shortpod mustard |
Hirschfeldia incana |
Close-up of reticulum showing pitted interspaces. |
| 5459658 |
shortpod mustard |
Hirschfeldia incana |
Terminal end of fruit showing its distinctive beak. |
| 5459659 |
shortpod mustard |
Hirschfeldia incana |
Seeds in various positions. A groove delineating the position of the radicle is barely visible on some seeds. |
| 5459660 |
shortpod mustard |
Hirschfeldia incana |
Seed at a lateral angle. Hilum at top. |
| 5458143 |
common tarweed |
Centromadia pungens |
Lateral view of four fruits. Apices are positioned at the top |
| 5458144 |
common tarweed |
Centromadia pungens |
Close-up of three fruits positioned on their bent dorsal side. Apices at top. |
| 5458145 |
common tarweed |
Centromadia pungens |
Looking down on the apex of a fruit. |
| 5458142 |
common tarweed |
Centromadia pungens |
Fruits in various positions. |
| 5459646 |
Kellogg's tarweed |
Deinandra kelloggii |
Fruits at various angles. |
| 5459647 |
Kellogg's tarweed |
Deinandra kelloggii |
Looking down on the apex of the fruit. |
| 5459648 |
Kern tarweed |
Deinandra pallida |
Looking down on the bases of three fruits. |
| 5459649 |
Kern tarweed |
Deinandra pallida |
Fruits. The two smoother fruits did not have developed seeds inside. |
| 5459650 |
Kern tarweed |
Deinandra pallida |
Close-up of four fruits from two lateral angles. Apices are positioned at the top. |
| 5459651 |
Kern tarweed |
Deinandra pallida |
Looking down on the apices of three fruits. |
| 5459652 |
common tarweed |
Centromadia pungens |
Looking down on the bases of three fruits. |
| 5459640 |
rosilla |
Helenium puberulum |
Fruits in various positions. |
| 5459641 |
rosilla |
Helenium puberulum |
Fruits with pappus scales attached. |
| 5459642 |
rosilla |
Helenium puberulum |
Note the many glands on the fruit's surface. |
| 5459643 |
rosilla |
Helenium puberulum |
Looking down on the apices (with pappus scales still attached) of three fruits. |
| 5459644 |
Kellogg's tarweed |
Deinandra kelloggii |
Looking down on the bases of two fruits. |
| 5459645 |
Kellogg's tarweed |
Deinandra kelloggii |
Close-up of four fruits from various lateral angles. Note that the basal fruit attachment scar knob has been broken off of the second fruit from the left. |
| 5459636 |
Bigelow's sneezeweed |
Helenium bigelovii |
Fruits. Note pappus scales. |
| 5459637 |
Bigelow's sneezeweed |
Helenium bigelovii |
Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scar. |
| 5459638 |
Bigelow's sneezeweed |
Helenium bigelovii |
Fruit with pappus scales attached. |
| 5459639 |
Bigelow's sneezeweed |
Helenium bigelovii |
Fruit with pappus removed. |
| 5459631 |
western marsh cudweed |
Gnaphalium palustre |
Fruit. |
| 5459632 |
western marsh cudweed |
Gnaphalium palustre |
Fruits at various angles. |
| 5459633 |
western marsh cudweed |
Gnaphalium palustre |
Immature fruit with corolla and a few pappus bristles still attached. |
| 5459634 |
western marsh cudweed |
Gnaphalium palustre |
Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scars of three disseminules. |
| 5459635 |
western marsh cudweed |
Gnaphalium palustre |
Looking down on the apices of three fruits. |
| 5459624 |
purple cudweed |
Gamochaeta purpurea |
Three fruits, lateral view. |
| 5459625 |
cutleaf geranium |
Geranium dissectum |
Seeds, one partially enclosed in pericarp remnant. |
| 5459626 |
cutleaf geranium |
Geranium dissectum |
Looking down on hilar end of a seed. Ridge at top represents position of radicle. |
| 5459627 |
cutleaf geranium |
Geranium dissectum |
Lateral view of three seeds. Hilar region at bottom. Radicle ridge in front, ending at the hilar region. |
| 5459628 |
cutleaf geranium |
Geranium dissectum |
Pericarp remnant still enclosing a seed. |
| 5459629 |
cutleaf geranium |
Geranium dissectum |
A face view of a seed. Hilar region at lower left. |
| 5459630 |
cutleaf geranium |
Geranium dissectum |
Close-up of the surface of the seed. |
| 5459616 |
fennel |
Foeniculum vulgare |
Lateral view of two mericarps. Adaxial sides facing each other. Apex at top. |
| 5459617 |
catchweed bedstraw |
Galium aparine |
Surface close-up showing the holes left behind when spines have been broken off. |
| 5459618 |
catchweed bedstraw |
Galium aparine |
Close-up of the mericarp's attachment region. |
| 5459619 |
catchweed bedstraw |
Galium aparine |
Color variation in mericarps. |
| 5459620 |
catchweed bedstraw |
Galium aparine |
Mericarps in various positions, some with the attachment scar showing. |
| 5459621 |
catchweed bedstraw |
Galium aparine |
Adaxial (left) and abaxial (right) sides of a mericarp. |
| 5459622 |
purple cudweed |
Gamochaeta purpurea |
Fruits at various angles. |
| 5459623 |
purple cudweed |
Gamochaeta purpurea |
Fruit, ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. Note the minute papillae. |
| 5459609 |
narrowleaf cottonrose |
Logfia gallica |
Two fruits with pappus still attached. Corolla still attached to one fruit. Inset shows an outer cypsela without papillae. |
| 5459610 |
narrowleaf cottonrose |
Logfia gallica |
Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scars of two disseminules. Note the papillae clustered around each scar. |
| 5459611 |
narrowleaf cottonrose |
Logfia gallica |
Looking down on the apices of two fruits. |
| 5459612 |
fennel |
Foeniculum vulgare |
Abaxial side of two mericarps. Apex at top. |
| 5459613 |
fennel |
Foeniculum vulgare |
Adaxial side of two mericarps. Apex at top. |
| 5459614 |
fennel |
Foeniculum vulgare |
Cross-section of mericarp, showing seed and oil ducts. Adaxial side at top. |
| 5459615 |
fennel |
Foeniculum vulgare |
Apical (left) and basal views (right) of the mericarp. Adaxial side at top of photo. |
| 5459601 |
creeping spurge |
Euphorbia serpens |
Two opened fruit segments and seven seeds. |
| 5459602 |
creeping spurge |
Euphorbia serpens |
Looking down on the hilar end of the seed. |
| 5459603 |
netseed spurge |
Euphorbia spathulata |
Looking down on the caruncles of three seeds. |
| 5459604 |
netseed spurge |
Euphorbia spathulata |
Looking down on the hilar end of two seeds without caruncles. |
| 5459605 |
netseed spurge |
Euphorbia spathulata |
Ventral side of three seeds with caruncles and two seeds without. |
| 5459606 |
netseed spurge |
Euphorbia spathulata |
Ventral (left) and dorsal (right) sides of a seed with caruncle. |
| 5459607 |
narrowleaf cottonrose |
Logfia gallica |
Fruit. |
| 5459608 |
narrowleaf cottonrose |
Logfia gallica |
Two fruits without pappus. |
| 5459593 |
petty spurge |
Euphorbia peplus |
Four seeds on their backs, exposing the caruncle (or hilum) and raphe, and two seeds on their fronts. |
| 5459594 |
petty spurge |
Euphorbia peplus |
Looking down on the chalazal end of the seed. Arrows point to the position of the raphe on each seed. |
| 5459595 |
smallseed sandmat |
Euphorbia polycarpa |
Looking down on the chalazal end of the seed. |
| 5459596 |
smallseed sandmat |
Euphorbia polycarpa |
An intact fruit, an opened fruit segment, and several seeds. |
| 5459597 |
smallseed sandmat |
Euphorbia polycarpa |
Looking down on the hilar end of the seed. |
| 5459598 |
smallseed sandmat |
Euphorbia polycarpa |
Ventral view of seed with hilum at top. |
| 5459599 |
creeping spurge |
Euphorbia serpens |
Ventral view of seed with hilum at bottom. |
| 5459600 |
creeping spurge |
Euphorbia serpens |
Looking down on the chalazal end of the seed. |
| 5459586 |
Contura Creek sandmat |
Euphorbia ocellata |
Looking down on the chalazal end of the seed. |
| 5459587 |
Contura Creek sandmat |
Euphorbia ocellata |
Close-up of seed surface. Note the polygonal cells. |
| 5459588 |
Contura Creek sandmat |
Euphorbia ocellata |
Ventral view of seed with hilum at top. |
| 5459589 |
Contura Creek sandmat |
Euphorbia ocellata |
Two intact fruits (one with pedicel still attached), one opened fruit segment, three orangish seeds, and one whitish seed. |
| 5459590 |
Contura Creek sandmat |
Euphorbia ocellata |
Looking down on the hilar end of the seed. |
| 5459591 |
petty spurge |
Euphorbia peplus |
Ventral side of seed. |
| 5459592 |
petty spurge |
Euphorbia peplus |
Looking down on the hilar end of the seed, the caruncle missing from the seed on the left. |
| 5459578 |
Chinese caps |
Euphorbia crenulata |
Looking down on the hilar end of the seed, the caruncle missing from the two seeds on the left. |
| 5459579 |
Chinese caps |
Euphorbia crenulata |
Seeds in various positions, some with caruncle, some without. |
| 5459580 |
Chinese caps |
Euphorbia crenulata |
Looking down on the chalazal end of the seed. |
| 5459581 |
Chinese caps |
Euphorbia crenulata |
Ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views of a seed with caruncle (top). |
| 5459553 |
flixweed |
Descurainia sophia |
Seeds in various positions. |
| 5459554 |
flixweed |
Descurainia sophia |
Looking down on the hilar region of two seeds. Note the red circular marking over the bulge containing the cotyledons. |
| 5459555 |
panicle willowherb |
Epilobium brachycarpum |
Dorsal view of seeds. Apex at top. |
| 5459556 |
panicle willowherb |
Epilobium brachycarpum |
Ventral view of seeds. Apex at top. |
| 5459557 |
panicle willowherb |
Epilobium brachycarpum |
Looking down on the apex of the seed. Dorsal side at top. Note papillate surface. |
| 5459558 |
panicle willowherb |
Epilobium brachycarpum |
Lateral view of seeds. Apex at top. Ventral side to the left. |
| 5459559 |
panicle willowherb |
Epilobium brachycarpum |
Looking down on the base of the seed. |
| 5459551 |
flixweed |
Descurainia sophia |
On one of the two faces, the grooves outlining the radicle and cotyledons are more distinct. The radicle is on the left side of each seed and juts out beyond the hilar notch. |
| 5459552 |
flixweed |
Descurainia sophia |
On the longitudinally convex face, the grooves outlining the radicle and cotyledons are faint. Hilum at top, radicle on right side of each seed. |
| 5455067 |
common yarrow |
Achillea millefolium |
Fruit, apex at right. |
| 5458296 |
tall flatsedge |
Cyperus eragrostis |
A spikelet and many fruits. |
| 5458297 |
yellow nutsedge |
Cyperus esculentus |
Fruit with (left) and without (right) the silvery outermost pericarp layer still intact. |
| 5458298 |
yellow nutsedge |
Cyperus esculentus |
Fruit lying on its back (left) and one lying on its frontal ridge, showing the back (right). |
| 5458299 |
yellow nutsedge |
Cyperus esculentus |
Fruits. Note that the outermost silvery layer is worn away on some fruits, showing the dark brown color below. |
| 5458288 |
canyon dodder |
Cuscuta subinclusa |
Fruit, including dried perianth. |
| 5458289 |
canyon dodder |
Cuscuta subinclusa |
Variation in seeds. |
| 5458290 |
canyon dodder |
Cuscuta subinclusa |
Looking down on the hilar depression. |
| 5458291 |
canyon dodder |
Cuscuta subinclusa |
Looking down on the end opposite the hilum. |
| 5458292 |
canyon dodder |
Cuscuta subinclusa |
Lateral view of two seeds with the hilum at the bottom. |
| 5458293 |
tall flatsedge |
Cyperus eragrostis |
Fruit with much of the outermost pericarp layer scraped away. Base to left. |
| 5458294 |
tall flatsedge |
Cyperus eragrostis |
Fruit with outermost iridescent pericarp layer intact, lying on its frontal ridge. |
| 5458295 |
tall flatsedge |
Cyperus eragrostis |
The outermost iridescent layer is worn away in small patches on some fruits, showing the dark brown color below. |
| 5458279 |
bigseed alfalfa dodder |
Cuscuta indecora var. indecora |
Two types of seed surfaces. |
| 5458280 |
bigseed alfalfa dodder |
Cuscuta indecora var. indecora |
Looking down on the hilar region. |
| 5458281 |
bigseed alfalfa dodder |
Cuscuta indecora var. indecora |
Seeds lying on their rounded, non-hilar side. Arrows point to hilar depression. |
| 5458282 |
bigseed alfalfa dodder |
Cuscuta indecora var. indecora |
Seeds lying with rounded side up and hilar side down. |
| 5458283 |
saltmarsh dodder |
Cuscuta salina |
Close-up of seed's surface. |
| 5458284 |
saltmarsh dodder |
Cuscuta salina |
Fruit with all perianth parts still attached (left), and with perianth removed (right). |
| 5458285 |
saltmarsh dodder |
Cuscuta salina |
Seeds positioned laterally so as to be able to look down on the hilar notch. |
| 5458286 |
saltmarsh dodder |
Cuscuta salina |
Seeds positioned on their dimpled side with bulged side up. |
| 5458287 |
saltmarsh dodder |
Cuscuta salina |
Seeds positioned with their dimpled side up. |
| 5458189 |
Turkey mullein |
Croton setiger |
Ventral view of seed. Hilum at bottom. |
| 5458190 |
Turkey mullein |
Croton setiger |
Close-up of hilum and raphe. |
| 5458191 |
chaparral dodder |
Cuscuta californica |
Two fruits with perianth still attached. |
| 5458192 |
chaparral dodder |
Cuscuta californica |
Seeds positioned on their side and looking down on the hilar notch. |
| 5458193 |
chaparral dodder |
Cuscuta californica |
Seeds in various positions. |
| 5458194 |
chaparral dodder |
Cuscuta californica |
Seeds in various positions. |
| 5458182 |
tall fleabane |
Conyza floribunda |
Lateral (left) and face (right) views of a fruit. |
| 5458183 |
tall fleabane |
Conyza floribunda |
Fruits aligned with the stylar end at top. Note the single red lateral vein on two of the fruits. Pappus bristles have been removed. |
| 5458184 |
tall fleabane |
Conyza floribunda |
Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scars of four disseminules. Note the hairs next to each scar. |
| 5458185 |
tall fleabane |
Conyza floribunda |
Looking down on the apices of two fruits. Pappi removed. |
| 5458186 |
Turkey mullein |
Croton setiger |
Close-up of the chalazal end (to the left) of the seed. |
| 5458187 |
Turkey mullein |
Croton setiger |
Cross-section of seed. |
| 5458188 |
Turkey mullein |
Croton setiger |
Three seeds lying on their rounded backs, exposing the hilum and raphe, and three seeds on one of the two ventral faces. |
| 5458172 |
poison-hemlock |
Conium maculatum |
Abaxial side of two mericarps. Apex at top. |
| 5458173 |
poison-hemlock |
Conium maculatum |
Adaxial side of three mericarps. Apex at top. |
| 5458174 |
poison-hemlock |
Conium maculatum |
Looking down on the apical (left) and basal (right) ends of the mericarp. Adaxial side at top. |
| 5458175 |
hairy fleabane |
Conyza bonariensis |
Fruits with pappus removed. Note the long but sparse pubescence along fruit body. |
| 5458176 |
hairy fleabane |
Conyza bonariensis |
Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scars of four disseminules. Note the hairs next to each scar. |
| 5458177 |
hairy fleabane |
Conyza bonariensis |
Fruit, entire. Note the reddish tips of some pappus bristles. |
| 5458178 |
hairy fleabane |
Conyza bonariensis |
Looking inside the pappus, down onto the fruit apex. |
| 5458179 |
horseweed |
Conyza canadensis |
Fruits with pappus removed. There is a split in the fruit attachment scar of the first disseminule (left). |
| 5458180 |
horseweed |
Conyza canadensis |
Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scars of two disseminules. Note the hairs next to each scar. |
| 5458181 |
horseweed |
Conyza canadensis |
Looking inside the pappus, down onto the fruit apex. |
| 5458169 |
miner's lettuce |
Claytonia perfoliata |
Seeds. Hilum plugged in peripheral notch at top. |
| 5458170 |
miner's lettuce |
Claytonia perfoliata |
Lateral view of two seeds. Hilum plugged with appendage at top. |
| 5458171 |
miner's lettuce |
Claytonia perfoliata |
Looking down on the appendage of two seeds. |
| 5458160 |
rush skeletonweed |
Chondrilla juncea |
Beak apex showing style base. Some pappus bristles removed. |
| 5458161 |
blue mustard |
Chorispora tenella |
The two faces of the seed. Hilum at top. |
| 5458162 |
blue mustard |
Chorispora tenella |
Looking down on the hilar end of the seed. |
| 5458163 |
bull thistle |
Cirsium vulgare |
Looking down on the base of two fruits. |
| 5458164 |
bull thistle |
Cirsium vulgare |
Close-up of a fruit with inset of a cross-section. |
| 5458165 |
bull thistle |
Cirsium vulgare |
Fruits resting on their sides with their apices at the top. |
| 5458166 |
bull thistle |
Cirsium vulgare |
Looking down on the apical scar of three fruits. |
| 5458167 |
miner's lettuce |
Claytonia perfoliata |
Close-up of the seed's surface. |
| 5458168 |
miner's lettuce |
Claytonia perfoliata |
Two embryos and some of their associated testa remnants. |
| 5458150 |
lambsquarters |
Chenopodium album |
Two disseminules with perianth bracts still attached. Looking down on the apex. Note the numerous small, white scales. |
| 5458151 |
lambsquarters |
Chenopodium album |
Seed. |
| 5458152 |
lambsquarters |
Chenopodium album |
Apex (left) and base (right) of two fruits without attached calyx bracts. |
| 5458153 |
lambsquarters |
Chenopodium album |
Lateral view of seed with the pericarp scraped off. Note lenticular shape and rounded peripheral margin of the seed. |
| 5458154 |
nettleleaf goosefoot |
Chenopodium murale |
Disseminules with calyces still attached. Looking down on the base (left) and on the apex (right). |
| 5458155 |
nettleleaf goosefoot |
Chenopodium murale |
Base of two fruits lacking attached calyx bracts. |
| 5458156 |
nettleleaf goosefoot |
Chenopodium murale |
Seeds with most of the pericarp scraped off. Note lenticular shape, acutely angled margin and pitted surface of the seeds. |
| 5458157 |
rush skeletonweed |
Chondrilla juncea |
Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scars of four disseminules. |
| 5458158 |
rush skeletonweed |
Chondrilla juncea |
Intact fruit. |
| 5458159 |
rush skeletonweed |
Chondrilla juncea |
Three fruit bodies. Beaks removed. |
| 5458146 |
sticky chickweed |
Cerastium glomeratum |
Seeds on edge, sitting on the hilum and viewed at two different angles. |
| 5458148 |
sticky chickweed |
Cerastium glomeratum |
Seeds on edge, each turned a little differently with respect to the position of the hilum. |
| 5458137 |
Malta starthistle |
Centaurea melitensis |
Lateral view of the fruit showing the side where the scar occurs. Some of the longer bristles have been removed from the pappus. |
| 5458138 |
Malta starthistle |
Centaurea melitensis |
Looking into the center of the outer pappus whorls to see the innermost whorl covering the stylar remains. |
| 5458139 |
yellow starthistle |
Centaurea solstitialis |
Epappous fruit, close-up of fruit attachment scar. |
| 5458140 |
yellow starthistle |
Centaurea solstitialis |
Stylar end of an epappous (left) and pappous (right, most bristles removed) fruit. |
| 5458141 |
yellow starthistle |
Centaurea solstitialis |
Variation in epappous fruits. |
| 5457997 |
shepherd's-purse |
Capsella bursa-pastoris |
Seeds lying flat with hilum at bottom. Note the ellipse traced by the groove starting and ending near hilum. |
| 5457998 |
shepherd's-purse |
Capsella bursa-pastoris |
Looking at the hilar region of two seeds. Note the oblong cross-sectional shape. |
| 5457999 |
shepherd's-purse |
Capsella bursa-pastoris |
Seeds positioned on their sides. Note their bilateral symmetry. |
| 5458131 |
purple starthistle |
Centaurea calcitrapa |
Fruits aligned with the stylar end at the top. |
| 5458132 |
purple starthistle |
Centaurea calcitrapa |
Lateral view showing fruit attachment scar (at base) ± head-on. |
| 5458133 |
purple starthistle |
Centaurea calcitrapa |
Close-up. |
| 5458134 |
purple starthistle |
Centaurea calcitrapa |
Fruit apex showing stylar remains. |
| 5458135 |
Malta starthistle |
Centaurea melitensis |
The fruit attachment scar is clearly evident when the fruit is lying flat. Note the hairs along the fruit's surface. |
| 5458136 |
Malta starthistle |
Centaurea melitensis |
Face (left) and lateral (right) views of two fruits. |
| 5457993 |
redmaids |
Calandrinia ciliata |
Close-up of the seed's surface. |
| 5457994 |
redmaids |
Calandrinia ciliata |
Seeds. Hilum in peripheral notch at top. Shadows indicate the wavy nature of the seeds. |
| 5457995 |
redmaids |
Calandrinia ciliata |
Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds. Note saddle-shape of marginal rim. |
| 5457996 |
redmaids |
Calandrinia ciliata |
Close-up of hilar region. |
| 5461365 |
California brome |
Bromus carinatus |
Angled-ventral view of caryopsis, showing linear hilum. |
| 5461366 |
California brome |
Bromus carinatus |
Close-up of lemma tips |
| 5461367 |
cheatgrass |
Bromus tectorum |
Close-up of base of floret, ventral (left) and lateral (right) views. |
| 5461368 |
cheatgrass |
Bromus tectorum |
Caryopses, two with broken bases. |
| 5461369 |
cheatgrass |
Bromus tectorum |
Dorsal view of florets, the top floret with the tip of the lemma broken off. Note the hyaline lemma teeth. |
| 5461370 |
cheatgrass |
Bromus tectorum |
Ventral view of florets, with awn missing (top) and awn broken (bottom). Note the purple color of the caryopsis through the transparent palea. |
| 5461359 |
foxtail brome |
Bromus madritensis |
Ventral (left) and lateral (right) views of base of floret showing disarticulation scar and pointed callus. |
| 5461360 |
foxtail brome |
Bromus madritensis |
Caryopses in dorsal view. Darker caryopsis with broken base is ssp. rubens. |
| 5461361 |
foxtail brome |
Bromus madritensis |
Caryopsis in ventral view. |
| 5461362 |
California brome |
Bromus carinatus |
Close-up of the base of floret. |
| 5461363 |
California brome |
Bromus carinatus |
Lateral view of caryopsis. |
| 5461364 |
California brome |
Bromus carinatus |
Florets in lateral view. |
| 5461358 |
smooth brome |
Bromus inermis ssp. inermis |
Ventral view of florets with broken lemma tips. |
| 5461348 |
ripgut brome |
Bromus diandrus |
Lateral view of the sharply pointed base of the floret. |
| 5461349 |
ripgut brome |
Bromus diandrus |
Ventral view of the sharply pointed base of the floret. |
| 5461350 |
ripgut brome |
Bromus diandrus |
Dorsal view of the caryopsis. |
| 5461351 |
ripgut brome |
Bromus diandrus |
Ventral view of the caryopsis. The linear hilum is hidden by attached palea tissue. |
| 5461352 |
soft brome |
Bromus hordeaceus |
Dorsal view of caryopses, with some lemma tissue still attached. |
| 5461353 |
soft brome |
Bromus hordeaceus |
Ventral view of caryopses. The linear hilum can be seen through the transparent palea tissue. |
| 5461354 |
soft brome |
Bromus hordeaceus |
Left to right—ventral view of a floret, dorsal view, three attached florets from the apex of the spikelet, two attached florets. |
| 5461355 |
smooth brome |
Bromus inermis ssp. inermis |
Ventral view of caryopsis showing the long linear hilum. |
| 5461356 |
smooth brome |
Bromus inermis ssp. inermis |
Dorsal view of two caryopses showing the longitudinal groove. |
| 5461357 |
smooth brome |
Bromus inermis ssp. inermis |
Dorsal view of florets with broken lemma tips. |
| 5461343 |
rescuegrass |
Bromus catharticus |
Lateral view of the strongly keeled florets, showing awn and rachilla. |
| 5461344 |
rescuegrass |
Bromus catharticus |
Ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views of floret. |
| 5461345 |
rescuegrass |
Bromus catharticus |
Caryopses. |
| 5461346 |
rescuegrass |
Bromus catharticus |
Lateral view of florets, showing ribbed midvein and basal disarticulation scar. |
| 5461347 |
ripgut brome |
Bromus diandrus |
Ventral view of florets showing intact awns on the upper two florets and awn broken off of the bottom specimen. Note the long, sometimes broken, transparent teeth at the apex of each lemma. |
| 5444798 |
Chilean chess |
Bromus berteroanus |
Empty glumes. |
| 5444799 |
Chilean chess |
Bromus berteroanus |
Ventral view of caryopsis. |
| 5444795 |
Chilean chess |
Bromus berteroanus |
Lateral view of caryopses. |
| 5444796 |
Chilean chess |
Bromus berteroanus |
Florets, dorsal view. |
| 5444797 |
Chilean chess |
Bromus berteroanus |
Florets, in lateral and ventral views |
| 5461339 |
Australian chess |
Bromus arenarius |
Florets, dorsal view. |
| 5461340 |
Australian chess |
Bromus arenarius |
Dorsal view of caryopses, with some lemma tissue still attached. |
| 5461341 |
Australian chess |
Bromus arenarius |
Ventral view of caryopsis. Note that the edges are slightly rolled inward, creating a longitudinal depression. |
| 5461342 |
Australian chess |
Bromus arenarius |
Florets, ventral view. |
| 5457984 |
Indian mustard |
Brassica juncea |
Looking down at the hilar region of three seeds. Seeds arranged so that the prominent part of the ridge formed by the radicle is at the top. |
| 5457985 |
rapeseed |
Brassica napus |
Close-up of hilar region on two seeds. |
| 5457986 |
rapeseed |
Brassica napus |
Seeds in various positions. Note variation in the height of surface reticulations on different seeds. |
| 5457987 |
black mustard |
Brassica nigra |
Seeds in various positions, most with hilar region showing. Note course reticulations (thick veins). |
| 5457988 |
black mustard |
Brassica nigra |
Looking down at the hilar region of four seeds. The dark area underneath the whitish funicular remnant is sometimes clearly circular (as in the second seed from the left) and sometimes not. |
| 5457989 |
black mustard |
Brassica nigra |
Close-up of seed's surface. |
| 5457990 |
birdsrape mustard |
Brassica rapa |
Looking down on the hilar region and associated dark circular area of four seeds. Most of the whitish funicular material is missing, revealing the small punctate hilum. |
| 5457991 |
birdsrape mustard |
Brassica rapa |
Seeds of ssp. rapa. Note the very finely reticulated seed surface. |
| 5457992 |
birdsrape mustard |
Brassica rapa |
Seed with a pronounced radicle ridge (left) and one with a subtle ridge (right). |
| 5457948 |
seepwillow |
Baccharis salicifolia |
Fruit attachment scars on two fruits, one of which is ± round (left) and the other star-shaped. |
| 5457949 |
seepwillow |
Baccharis salicifolia |
Fruit with pappus attached. |
| 5457950 |
seepwillow |
Baccharis salicifolia |
Looking down on the apices of two fruits. |
| 5457951 |
desertbroom |
Baccharis sarothroides |
Fruits without pappus attached. |
| 5457952 |
desertbroom |
Baccharis sarothroides |
Fruits with pappus attached. |
| 5457953 |
desertbroom |
Baccharis sarothroides |
Looking down on the fruit attachment scars of four disseminules. |
| 5457954 |
desertbroom |
Baccharis sarothroides |
Looking down on the apices of four fruits. |
| 5457983 |
Indian mustard |
Brassica juncea |
Seeds in various positions. Note reticulated seed surface. |
| 5457944 |
saltmarsh baccharis |
Baccharis douglasii |
Fruits with pappus attached. |
| 5457945 |
saltmarsh baccharis |
Baccharis douglasii |
Fruits with pappus attached, close-up. |
| 5457946 |
saltmarsh baccharis |
Baccharis douglasii |
Close-up of a fruit with pappus removed. |
| 5457947 |
seepwillow |
Baccharis salicifolia |
Close-up of two fruits with pappus removed. |
| 5444779 |
wild oat |
Avena fatua |
Ventral view of floret. Note the short apical teeth of the lemma and the pilose rachilla tucked between the edges of the lemma. |
| 5444780 |
oat |
Avena sativa |
Dorsal view of caryopsis. |
| 5444781 |
oat |
Avena sativa |
Dorsal view of floret. Note the mostly glabrous body of the lemma and the short apical lemma lobes |
| 5444782 |
oat |
Avena sativa |
Ventral view of florets of a weedy form of cultivated oats showing hairy rachilla and triangular disarticulation scar. |
| 5444794 |
wild oat |
Avena fatua |
Awn attachment scar. |
| 5444775 |
slender oat |
Avena barbata |
Dorsal view of floret. Note the long apical lemma lobes. |
| 5444776 |
slender oat |
Avena barbata |
Caryopses in dorsal view showing embryo. |
| 5444777 |
slender oat |
Avena barbata |
Caryopses in ventral view showing linear hilum. |
| 5457940 |
Mexican whorled milkweed |
Asclepias fascicularis |
Abaxial (left) and adaxial (right) views of seeds. |
| 5457941 |
asparagus |
Asparagus officinalis |
A dried fruit that has been broken open to reveal a single seed. |
| 5457942 |
asparagus |
Asparagus officinalis |
Seeds positioned on top of hilum. Note irregular seed shape, but otherwise relatively smooth surface on this side of the seed. |
| 5457943 |
asparagus |
Asparagus officinalis |
Seeds positioned with hilum on top. Note various undulations and ridges on this side of the seed. |
| 5457931 |
woollypod milkweed |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
Abaxial side of seeds. Apex (where coma was attached) at top. |
| 5457932 |
woollypod milkweed |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
Lateral view of seeds. Apex at top. |
| 5457933 |
desert milkweed |
Asclepias erosa |
Close-up of surface of abaxial side. Note elongated hairs. |
| 5457934 |
desert milkweed |
Asclepias erosa |
Lateral view of seeds. Apex at top. |
| 5457935 |
desert milkweed |
Asclepias erosa |
Abaxial side of seed. Apex (where coma was attached) at top. |
| 5457936 |
Mexican whorled milkweed |
Asclepias fascicularis |
Close-up of surface of abaxial side. |
| 5457937 |
Mexican whorled milkweed |
Asclepias fascicularis |
Abaxial side of seeds. Apex (where coma was attached) at top. |
| 5457938 |
Mexican whorled milkweed |
Asclepias fascicularis |
Adaxial side of seeds. Apex (where coma was attached) at top. |
| 5457939 |
Mexican whorled milkweed |
Asclepias fascicularis |
Lateral view of seeds. Apex at top. |
| 5457921 |
bur chervil |
Anthriscus caucalis |
Adaxial side of two mericarps. Note the deep longitudinal groove. |
| 5457922 |
bur chervil |
Anthriscus caucalis |
Mericarps in various positions. The one at the top still has the carpophore (mostly lying under the mericarp) and pedicel attached to it. |
| 5457923 |
bur chervil |
Anthriscus caucalis |
Lateral view of a mericarp. Adaxial side at bottom. |
| 5457924 |
bur chervil |
Anthriscus caucalis |
Close-up of the attachment scar at the base of the adaxial side. |
| 5457925 |
bur chervil |
Anthriscus caucalis |
Abaxial side of two mericarps. Apex, with beak, at top. |
| 5457926 |
bur chervil |
Anthriscus caucalis |
Adaxial (left) and abaxial (right) views of the mericarp. |
| 5457927 |
stinking chamomile |
Anthemis cotula |
Fruits aligned with the apex (stylar remains) at top and fruit attachment scar at bottom. |
| 5457928 |
stinking chamomile |
Anthemis cotula |
Basal fruit attachment scar on four fruits. |
| 5457929 |
stinking chamomile |
Anthemis cotula |
Apex of two fruits, showing stylar remnants. |
| 5457930 |
woollypod milkweed |
Asclepias eriocarpa |
Close-up of surface of abaxial side. |
| 5455889 |
Menzies' fiddleneck |
Amsinckia menziesii |
Adaxial side of a nutlet. |
| 5455890 |
Menzies' fiddleneck |
Amsinckia menziesii |
Close-up of adaxial face of nutlet. Note faint reticulation pattern on top of the maze of rounded tubercles. |
| 5455891 |
common fiddleneck |
Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia |
Nutlets in various positions. |
| 5455892 |
Menzies' fiddleneck |
Amsinckia menziesii |
Four nutlets in adaxial view. |
| 5455893 |
Menzies' fiddleneck |
Amsinckia menziesii |
Lateral view of three nutlets. |
| 5455894 |
western fiddleneck |
Amsinckia tessellata |
Nutlets lying on their abaxial or adaxial face. |
| 5455895 |
western fiddleneck |
Amsinckia tessellata |
Adaxial face of nutlets. |
| 5455896 |
western fiddleneck |
Amsinckia tessellata |
Abaxial face of two nutlets. Note transverse “stripes” on right nutlet. |
| 5455897 |
western fiddleneck |
Amsinckia tessellata |
Lateral view of four nutlets. |
| 5455880 |
Eastwood's fiddleneck |
Amsinckia eastwoodiae |
Adaxial face of nutlet showing fruit attachment scar. |
| 5455881 |
Eastwood's fiddleneck |
Amsinckia eastwoodiae |
Close-up of abaxial face of nutlet. Note reticulation pattern on top of the maze of rounded tubercles. |
| 5455882 |
Eastwood's fiddleneck |
Amsinckia eastwoodiae |
Four fruit segments (nutlets), two lying on the adaxial face and two lying on the abaxial face. |
| 5455883 |
Eastwood's fiddleneck |
Amsinckia eastwoodiae |
Three nutlets, adaxial face. |
| 5455884 |
Eastwood's fiddleneck |
Amsinckia eastwoodiae |
Lateral view of four nutlets. |
| 5455885 |
tarweed fiddleneck |
Amsinckia lycopsoides |
Abaxial face of a nutlet. |
| 5455886 |
tarweed fiddleneck |
Amsinckia lycopsoides |
Nutlets, abaxial face. Note acutely-angled longitudinal ridge. |
| 5455887 |
tarweed fiddleneck |
Amsinckia lycopsoides |
Close-up of a fruit segment (nutlet) showing the attachment scar on the adaxial face. |
| 5455888 |
tarweed fiddleneck |
Amsinckia lycopsoides |
Three nutlets showing adaxial face. |
| 5455873 |
burrobush |
Ambrosia salsola |
Looking down on the apices of four disseminules (burs). |
| 5455874 |
burrobush |
Ambrosia salsola |
Lateral view of a bur. |
| 5455875 |
burrobush |
Ambrosia salsola |
Looking down on the apex of a bur. |
| 5455876 |
Douglas fiddleneck |
Amsinckia douglasiana |
More nutlets, abaxial face. |
| 5455877 |
Douglas fiddleneck |
Amsinckia douglasiana |
Lateral view of three nutlets. |
| 5455878 |
Douglas fiddleneck |
Amsinckia douglasiana |
Close-up of fruit segment (nutlet) showing attachment scar on adaxial face. |
| 5455879 |
Douglas fiddleneck |
Amsinckia douglasiana |
Abaxial face of nutlet. |
| 5455867 |
western ragweed |
Ambrosia psilostachya |
Looking down on the apices of two disseminules. |
| 5455868 |
western ragweed |
Ambrosia psilostachya |
Looking down on the base of a bur. |
| 5455869 |
western ragweed |
Ambrosia psilostachya |
Disseminules, some with leaves still attached. |
| 5455870 |
western ragweed |
Ambrosia psilostachya |
Close-up of disseminule. |
| 5455871 |
burrobush |
Ambrosia salsola |
A bur with most of the wing tissue removed. |
| 5455872 |
burrobush |
Ambrosia salsola |
Looking at the base of a bur. |
| 5455857 |
Powell amaranth |
Amaranthus powellii |
Close-up of hilum. |
| 5455858 |
Powell amaranth |
Amaranthus powellii |
Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds. |
| 5455859 |
Powell amaranth |
Amaranthus powellii |
Seed. Hilum at right. |
| 5455860 |
redroot pigweed |
Amaranthus retroflexus |
Seeds. Hilum in notch. |
| 5455861 |
redroot pigweed |
Amaranthus retroflexus |
Close-up of hilum. |
| 5455862 |
redroot pigweed |
Amaranthus retroflexus |
Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds. |
| 5455863 |
redroot pigweed |
Amaranthus retroflexus |
Close-up of the seed's surface. Hilum at right. |
| 5455864 |
annual bursage |
Ambrosia acanthicarpa |
Disseminules. |
| 5455865 |
annual bursage |
Ambrosia acanthicarpa |
Close-up of spiny bur, lateral view. |
| 5455866 |
annual bursage |
Ambrosia acanthicarpa |
Close-up of spiny bur, lateral view. |
| 5455660 |
smooth pigweed |
Amaranthus hybridus |
Close-up of hilar region of two seeds. |
| 5455661 |
smooth pigweed |
Amaranthus hybridus |
Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds. |
| 5455662 |
smooth pigweed |
Amaranthus hybridus |
Seeds. Hilum in notch. |
| 5455851 |
Palmer amaranth |
Amaranthus palmeri |
Close-up of seed's surface. |
| 5455852 |
Palmer amaranth |
Amaranthus palmeri |
Seeds. Hilum in notch. |
| 5455853 |
Palmer amaranth |
Amaranthus palmeri |
Looking down on the hilar region of two seeds. |
| 5455854 |
Palmer amaranth |
Amaranthus palmeri |
Seed. Hilum at right. |
| 5455855 |
Powell amaranth |
Amaranthus powellii |
Close-up of the seed's surface near hilum. |
| 5455856 |
Powell amaranth |
Amaranthus powellii |
Seeds. Hilum in notch. |
| 5455650 |
prostrate pigweed |
Amaranthus blitoides |
Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds. Note shallow rim notch above the hilum. |
| 5455651 |
California amaranth |
Amaranthus californicus |
A fruit with perianth tissues attached, two naked fruits, and four seeds. |
| 5455652 |
California amaranth |
Amaranthus californicus |
Close-up of hilar region. |
| 5455653 |
California amaranth |
Amaranthus californicus |
Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds. |
| 5455654 |
California amaranth |
Amaranthus californicus |
Seeds. |
| 5455655 |
red amaranth |
Amaranthus cruentus |
Seeds. In the upper right seed, the shallow depression extending inward from the notched hilar region can be seen. |
| 5455656 |
red amaranth |
Amaranthus cruentus |
Close-up of hilar region. |
| 5455657 |
red amaranth |
Amaranthus cruentus |
Looking down on the hilar region. |
| 5455658 |
red amaranth |
Amaranthus cruentus |
Seed, close-up. Hilum in cavity just left of the protruding notch. |
| 5455659 |
smooth pigweed |
Amaranthus hybridus |
Fruit with tepals. Circumscissile dehiscence has begun. |
| 5444774 |
creeping bentgrass |
Agrostis stolonifera |
Spikelets detached from inflorescence. |
| 5455641 |
tumble pigweed |
Amaranthus albus |
Close-up of the seed's surface. Hilum is to the right. |
| 5455642 |
tumble pigweed |
Amaranthus albus |
Intact fruit with tepals. |
| 5455643 |
tumble pigweed |
Amaranthus albus |
Close-up of hilar region. |
| 5455644 |
tumble pigweed |
Amaranthus albus |
Looking down on the hilar region. |
| 5455645 |
tumble pigweed |
Amaranthus albus |
Seeds. |
| 5455646 |
prostrate pigweed |
Amaranthus blitoides |
Close-up of the seed's surface. |
| 5455647 |
prostrate pigweed |
Amaranthus blitoides |
Fruit with tepals. Note start of circumscissile dehiscence. |
| 5455648 |
prostrate pigweed |
Amaranthus blitoides |
Seeds. Hilum in peripheral notch. |
| 5455649 |
prostrate pigweed |
Amaranthus blitoides |
Close-up of hilar region and rim notch. |
| 5444772 |
creeping bentgrass |
Agrostis stolonifera |
Ventral view of caryopsis. |
| 5444773 |
creeping bentgrass |
Agrostis stolonifera |
Dorsal view of floret. Note visible lateral veins on lemma and hairs on callus. |
| 5444770 |
creeping bentgrass |
Agrostis stolonifera |
Dorsal view of caryopsis. |
| 5444771 |
creeping bentgrass |
Agrostis stolonifera |
Florets from left to right—one in lateral view, one in dorsal view, two in ventral view. |
| 5455068 |
common yarrow |
Achillea millefolium |
Fruits aligned with the apex (stylar remains) at top and cup-like fruit attachment scar at bottom. |
| 5455069 |
common yarrow |
Achillea millefolium |
Face view (top) and lateral view (bottom) of two fruits, showing the basal fruit attachment scar on the left and the stylar remains on the right. |
| 5455070 |
common yarrow |
Achillea millefolium |
Apex of two fruits, showing stylar remnant and flanged collar. |
| 5455064 |
velvetleaf |
Abutilon theophrasti |
Cross-section of seed showing embryo. |
| 5455065 |
velvetleaf |
Abutilon theophrasti |
Seeds. |
| 5455066 |
velvetleaf |
Abutilon theophrasti |
Marginal view of a seed, showing hilar notch (left) and opposite side (right). Maximum seed thickness is 1.9 mm. |
| 5455063 |
velvetleaf |
Abutilon theophrasti |
Seed, close-up. Note the pronounced funicular remnant forming a flap over the hilum. |
| 1234034 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
|
| 1455193 |
grape mealybug |
Pseudococcus maritimus |
Large colony |
| 5445228 |
western grapeleaf skeletonizer |
Harrisina metallica |
Cocoon with prepupa |
| 5445227 |
western grapeleaf skeletonizer |
Harrisina metallica |
late stage larva |
| 5445226 |
western grapeleaf skeletonizer |
Harrisina metallica |
late stage larva |
| 2912079 |
grape root borer |
Vitacea polistiformis |
and damage |
| 0162044 |
bacterial leaf scorch |
Xylella fastidiosa |
Pierce's disease of grapevine. Spring symptoms in cultivar Chardonnay (healthy leaf on the left). |
| 1435210 |
grape root borer |
Vitacea polistiformis |
|
| 1234062 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
|
| 1234222 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
|
| 5124039 |
grape mealybug |
Pseudococcus maritimus |
Collector: E.M.Stafford Date of photograph or collection: 08/29/1962 |
| 1235039 |
grape anthracnose |
Elsinoe ampelina |
|
| 1235068 |
Japanese beetle |
Popillia japonica |
|
| 1235040 |
grape anthracnose |
Elsinoe ampelina |
|
| 1235067 |
Japanese beetle |
Popillia japonica |
|
| 1436097 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
on stem |
| 5436043 |
grape berry moth |
Lobesia botrana |
found on grape plant |
| 1436094 |
bitter rot |
Greeneria uvicola |
|
| 1316002 |
glassy-winged sharpshooter |
Homalodisca vitripennis |
|
| 1234216 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
|
| 1326020 |
apple flea beetle |
Altica foliaceae |
|
| 1436095 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
on fruit |
| 0162043 |
bacterial leaf scorch |
Xylella fastidiosa |
Pierce's disease of grapevine. Symptoms in cultivar Chardonnay (under moisture stress). |
| 1234220 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
|
| 1436096 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
on leaf |
| 1455199 |
western grapeleaf skeletonizer |
Harrisina metallica |
|
| 1322074 |
grape |
Vitis spp. |
Sweet, juicy grapes, picked at the peak of ripeness, are one of nature's best-tasting treats. In vineyards, greenhouses, and laboratories, ARS scientists seek to bring even better grapes to your shopping cart tomorrow. The ARS laboratory that developed America's most popular red seedless grape, Flame Seedless, has also offered nurseries and breeders a delicious new black seedless grape. Called Black Emerald, the newcomer is a sweet grape with berries about the size of a dime. The flesh is translucent, firm, and almost crisp. Also watch the supermarket for Autumn Seedless, a light-green grape that became available to nurseries and growers in 1984. It is ready for harvest about 2 weeks before Thompson Seedless. Of course, all grapes need to be properly handled. ARS studies of packaging have shown that boxes with a shrink-wrap covering offer the best insurance against loss to disease, weight loss, and shatter (grapes' tendency to drop off the stem). Plastic dome-lid boxes with vent holes are also protective. Net bags, for years considered the preferred packaging, proved the least safeguard of all. From the East Coast to the vineyards of the Far West, grapes are a growing success story. And, since two ARS gene banks, in Geneva, New York, and Davis, California, are living treasure troves of grape varieties, we expect more juicy developments ahead. |
| 1235066 |
Japanese beetle |
Popillia japonica |
|
| 1436099 |
leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) |
Mycosphaerella personata |
|
| 1234033 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
lesion |
| 5122095 |
soft scale |
Neopulvinaria innumerabilis |
|
| 5122099 |
soft scale |
Neopulvinaria innumerabilis |
|
| 5424438 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Spores of the fungus Phyllosticta ampelicida. |
| 1321073 |
grape |
Vitis spp. |
At the Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit in Geneva, New York, horticulturist Philip Forsline examines hybrid grapes developed in a USDA breeding program. |
| 0660088 |
Japanese beetle |
Popillia japonica |
damage to grapevine. |
| 5007054 |
muscadine |
Vitis rotundifolia |
|
| 1234061 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
|
| 5407856 |
2,4-D |
|
Foliar distortion due to growth regulator herbide injury |
| 5407857 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Close-up of Guignardia bidwellii pycndia in the center of a tan-colored black rot lesion |
| 5407858 |
gray mold |
Botrytis cinerea |
Bunch rot; Berries in grape cluster covered with Botrytis cinerea |
| 5407859 |
crown gall |
Rhizobium vitis |
Crown gall on grape vine |
| 5407861 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Downy fungal growth on the underside of grape leaves infected with Plasmopara viticoloa |
| 5407860 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Foliar spotting on grape leaf due to downy mildew |
| 5407864 |
powdery mildew |
Erysiphe necator |
Berries in a grape bunch covered with the white powdery fungal growth of Uncinula necator (powdery mildew) |
| 5407865 |
powdery mildew |
Erysiphe necator |
White powdery fungal growth covering the upper side of grape leaves infected with Uncinula necator (powdery mildew) |
| 5407863 |
bacterial leaf scorch |
Xylella fastidiosa |
Brown, irregular "islands" of necrosis on young grape vines infected with Xylella fastidiosa (Pierce's disease) |
| 5405315 |
leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) |
Mycosphaerella personata |
Scattered, somewhat angular, purple-brown spots on upper leaf surface. |
| 5405316 |
leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) |
Mycosphaerella personata |
Corresponding, less conspicuous, brown spots on lower leaf surface. |
| 5405317 |
leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) |
Mycosphaerella personata |
Numerous scattered, somewhat angular, purple-brown spots on upper leaf surface. |
| 5405318 |
leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) |
Mycosphaerella personata |
Corresponding, less conspicuous, brown spots on lower leaf surface. |
| 5405319 |
leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) |
Mycosphaerella personata |
Single spot with dark green-black "synnemata", clusters of conidiophores and conidia, coming up from infected tissue. |
| 5405320 |
leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) |
Mycosphaerella personata |
View across single spot with dark green-black "synnemata", clusters of conidiophores and conidia, coming up from infected tissue. |
| 5405321 |
leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) |
Mycosphaerella personata |
Close-up of dark green-black "synnemata", clusters of conidiophores and conidia, coming up from infected tissue. |
| 5405322 |
leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) |
Mycosphaerella personata |
Synnemata with conidia of the asexual fungus, Pseudocercospora vitis. |
| 5405323 |
leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) |
Mycosphaerella personata |
Synnema with conidia of the asexual fungus, Pseudocercospora vitis. |
| 5405324 |
leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) |
Mycosphaerella personata |
Conidia beginning to form on a synnema of the asexual fungus, Pseudocercospora vitis. |
| 5405325 |
leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) |
Mycosphaerella personata |
Conidia of the asexual fungus, Pseudocercospora vitis. |
| 5411106 |
grape curculio |
Craponius inaequalis |
|
| 5411107 |
grape curculio |
Craponius inaequalis |
|
| 1455041 |
leaf blotch miner moths |
Phyllocnistis spp. |
|
| 5335094 |
2,4-D |
|
2,4-D injury |
| 5335095 |
2,4-D |
|
2,4-D injury |
| 5335096 |
2,4-D |
|
2,4-D injury |
| 2178012 |
Botryosphaeria rots and cankers |
Botryosphaeria spp. |
|
| 5192012 |
muscadine |
Vitis rotundifolia |
large vine and leaves |
| 5192013 |
muscadine |
Vitis rotundifolia |
|
| 5192014 |
muscadine |
Vitis rotundifolia |
|
| 5192015 |
muscadine |
Vitis rotundifolia |
|
| 5192016 |
muscadine |
Vitis rotundifolia |
|
| 5192017 |
muscadine |
Vitis rotundifolia |
|
| 5192018 |
muscadine |
Vitis rotundifolia |
vine, leaves, and fruit |
| 5192019 |
muscadine |
Vitis rotundifolia |
vine, leaves, and fruit |
| 5336001 |
hail |
|
|
| 5389802 |
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot |
Phomopsis viticola |
Lesions on shoot |
| 5389803 |
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot |
Phomopsis viticola |
Lesions on shoot |
| 5389817 |
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot |
Phomopsis viticola |
Alpha conidia |
| 1495104 |
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot |
Phomopsis viticola |
Phomopsis viticota on grape; lesions cluster stems |
| 5335097 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
|
| 5335092 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
|
| 5335093 |
sunscald |
|
|
| 5382320 |
leafhoppers |
|
Leafhopper on grape |
| 1386015 |
apple flea beetle |
Altica foliaceae |
Found on grape vine; 3 mm long |
| 5368601 |
grape anthracnose |
Elsinoe ampelina |
brown leaf spots can coalesce to form blighted areas |
| 5368602 |
grape anthracnose |
Elsinoe ampelina |
brown leaf spots can coalesce to form blighted areas |
| 5368603 |
grape anthracnose |
Elsinoe ampelina |
spore-producing bodies ("acervuli") can be seen within leaf spots |
| 5368604 |
grape anthracnose |
Elsinoe ampelina |
Spores of the asexual fungus, Sphaceloma ampelinum |
| 5368605 |
grape anthracnose |
Elsinoe ampelina |
Necrotic areas can also form on branches and petioles |
| 5368606 |
grape anthracnose |
Elsinoe ampelina |
Necrotic areas can also form on branches and petioles |
| 5368607 |
grape anthracnose |
Elsinoe ampelina |
Dark brown leaf spots on immature leaf |
| 5368608 |
grape anthracnose |
Elsinoe ampelina |
Necrotic areas can also form on branches and petioles |
| 5368658 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Dark, spore-producing bodies ("pycnidia") on fruit |
| 5368659 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Dark, spore-producing bodies ("pycnidia") on fruit oozing tan tendrils of spores |
| 5368660 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Spore-producing body ("pycnidia") oozing spores |
| 5368686 |
herbicides (general) |
|
leaves are disorted with veins becoming parallel. Leaf tips are elongated. Growth regulator injury |
| 5368687 |
herbicides (general) |
|
leaves are disorted with veins becoming parallel. Leaf tips are elongated. Growth regulator injury |
| 5368688 |
herbicides (general) |
|
leaves are disorted with veins becoming parallel. Leaf tips are elongated. Growth regulator injury |
| 5368756 |
grape anthracnose |
Elsinoe ampelina |
Infection of fruit |
| 5368757 |
grape anthracnose |
Elsinoe ampelina |
close-up of fruit infection with black spore-producing bodies and spores produced in tan mats |
| 5368758 |
grape anthracnose |
Elsinoe ampelina |
close-up of fruit infection with black spore-producing bodies and spores produced in tan mats |
| 5368759 |
grape anthracnose |
Elsinoe ampelina |
close-up of asexual spore-producing body with asexual spores of the fungus Sphaceloma ampelinum |
| 5369076 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Spores of the fungus Phyllosticta ampelicida. |
| 5382591 |
glassy-winged sharpshooter |
Homalodisca vitripennis |
|
| 2912078 |
grape root borer |
Vitacea polistiformis |
Female on left, male on right |
| 5381093 |
Japanese beetle |
Popillia japonica |
|
| 5379952 |
grape leaffolder |
Desmia funeralis |
taken while blacklighting at a pond |
| 1263070 |
Grapevine phylloxera, vine louse |
Phylloxera vitifoliae |
Adults, juveniles, and eggs |
| 1263069 |
Grapevine phylloxera, vine louse |
Phylloxera vitifoliae |
Root galls |
| 1263046 |
Ground pearls, margarodes |
Margarodes vredendalensis |
Cyst |
| 1263034 |
red headed sharpshooter |
Xyphon fulgida |
Red-headed sharpshooter, vector of grapevine Pierce's disease (Xylella fastidiosa). |
| 1263035 |
grass sharpshooter |
Draeculacephala minerva |
Green sharpshooter (female), vector of grapevine Pierce's disease (Xylella fastidiosa). |
| 1263033 |
blue-green sharpshooter |
Graphocephala atropunctata |
Blue-green sharpshooter, vector of grapevine Pierce's disease (Xylella fastidiosa). Adult (female) on grapevine. |
| 5362766 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Fruit-borne wine grape vines in a vineyard. |
| 5356892 |
pesticides |
|
Container used for preparing Bordeaux mixture for application to pear trees. |
| 5356766 |
Grapevine Corky Bark-associated Virus |
Closterovirus GCBaV |
Symptoms of Corky Bark Virus on the lower trunk of a grapevine. |
| 5356767 |
Grapevine Corky Bark-associated Virus |
Closterovirus GCBaV |
Grapevine showing symptoms of Corky Bark Virus -- note uneven development of stem. |
| 5356702 |
Grapevine Fanleaf Virus |
Nepovirus GFLV |
Grape leaf showing symptoms of Grapevine Fan Leaf Virus (GFLV). |
| 5357022 |
Grapevine Fanleaf Virus |
Nepovirus GFLV |
Symptoms of Grape Fan Leaf Virus. |
| 5360760 |
grape mealybug |
Pseudococcus maritimus |
Nymph of the grape mealybug (Pseudococcus maritimus). |
| 5360759 |
grape mealybug |
Pseudococcus maritimus |
Dense infestation of grrape mealybug (Pseudococcus maritimus) on a bunch of grapes. |
| 5360758 |
western grape leafhopper |
Erythroneura elegantula |
Damage to grape leaves caused by leafhoppers. |
| 5360757 |
western grape leafhopper |
Erythroneura elegantula |
Damage to grape leaves caused by leafhoppers. |
| 5360756 |
western grape leafhopper |
Erythroneura elegantula |
Nymphs of the western grape leafhopper (Erythroneura elegantula) on a grape leaf. |
| 5360755 |
grape mealybug |
Pseudococcus maritimus |
Infestation of grape mealybug (Pseudococcus maritimus) on bunches of grapes. |
| 5366577 |
cold injury (low temperature) |
|
Stems of grapevines showing buds killed by cold winter temperatures. |
| 5366458 |
chemicals |
|
Damage to grape leaves from use of a phenoxy herbicide. |
| 5366531 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Close-up view of the fruits of the "Steuben" grape. |
| 5356823 |
chemicals |
|
Damage to a young grape vine due to 2,2-D. |
| 5356769 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Grapevines showing defoliation from downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and straw placed over the stems to protect them from sunburn. |
| 5356768 |
crown gall |
Rhizobium radiobacter |
Stem of a grapevine showing symptoms of crown gall (Agrobacterium tumefaciens). |
| 5356703 |
Grapevine Vein Yellows and Leaf Roll |
|
Leaf Roll Virus in a grape leaf, and a beetle of unknown species. Note coloration of the leaf veins. |
| 5356700 |
pickle and melonworms |
Diaphania spp. |
Small caterpillars and damage created by feeding on the underside of a grape leaf. |
| 5356698 |
soil & water |
|
Salt damage to a grapevine. |
| 5356697 |
nutrient deficiency |
|
Grape leaves exhibiting symptoms of a nutrient imbalance. |
| 5356696 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Beautiful bunches of purple wine grapes. |
| 5356661 |
powdery mildew |
Erysiphe necator |
Symptoms of grape powdery mildew (Uncinula necator) on fruit and leaves. |
| 5357104 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Close-up view of the application system in a machine used to apply pesticides to grape vines. |
| 5357103 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Machine used in applying pesticides to grape vines. |
| 5367090 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Ripening purple grapes on the vine. |
| 5365643 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Ripening purple grapes on the vine. |
| 5365642 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Ripening purple grapes on the vine. |
| 5365641 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Grape vine with ripening purple fruit. |
| 5362765 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Grape plants in fruit behind mesh. |
| 5360350 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Close view of trellised and pruned grape vines in winter. |
| 5360349 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Trellised grapevines in winter, Colorado. |
| 5359236 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Table grapes on the vine. |
| 5359235 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Foliage of table grapes. |
| 5359233 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Close-up view of grapes hanging on the vine. |
| 5359232 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Grapes on a trellised vine. |
| 5359231 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Close-up view of grape leaves. |
| 5359230 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Close-up view of grape leaves. |
| 5359229 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Close-up view of a trellised grape vine in Colorado. |
| 5359228 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Close view of a grape vine on a trellis. |
| 5359227 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Grape vineyard in Colorado. |
| 5359226 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Wind machine in a vineyard, Colorado. |
| 5359662 |
wine grape |
Vitis vinifera |
Grapevines setting fruit. |
| 1495098 |
gray mold |
Botrytis cinerea |
Botrytis on grape |
| 1556207 |
grape |
Vitis spp. |
|
| 1495074 |
powdery mildew |
Erysiphe necator |
powdery on grape cane |
| 1495071 |
powdery mildew |
Erysiphe necator |
powdery mildew |
| 1495072 |
powdery mildew |
Erysiphe necator |
powdery mildew on grape |
| 1495073 |
powdery mildew |
Erysiphe necator |
powdery mildew on grape |
| 1495023 |
muscadine |
Vitis rotundifolia |
Muscadine |
| 1495026 |
drought |
|
Drought stress on Muscadine grape |
| 1495039 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Bitter rot on grape |
| 1495040 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Black rot |
| 1495041 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Black rot on grape |
| 1495042 |
grape |
Vitis spp. |
grape |
| 1495043 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Guignartiu bidwellii; Black rot |
| 1495045 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Black Rot |
| 1495046 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Black rot |
| 1495047 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Black rot |
| 1495048 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Black rot |
| 1495049 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
black rot on grape |
| 1495050 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
black rot |
| 1495051 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Grape black rot |
| 1495052 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Black rot on bunch |
| 1495053 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
black rot of grape |
| 1495055 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Guignardia bidwellii; black rot |
| 1495056 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Guignardia bidwellii; black rot |
| 1495057 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Guignardia bidwellii; black rot |
| 1495058 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
Guignardia bidwellii; black rot |
| 1495062 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
black rot |
| 1495063 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
black rot on grape |
| 1495064 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
black rot on grape |
| 1495065 |
grape |
Vitis spp. |
grape |
| 1495066 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
black rot |
| 1495067 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
black rot on grape |
| 1495068 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
black rot on stem of grape |
| 1495069 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
black rot on grape leaf |
| 1495075 |
powdery mildew |
Erysiphe necator |
Uncinula nector;powdery mildew |
| 1495076 |
powdery mildew |
Erysiphe necator |
mildew powdery |
| 1495077 |
powdery mildew |
Erysiphe necator |
powdery mildew on grape leaves |
| 1495078 |
powdery mildew |
Erysiphe necator |
Unciula necator; powdery mildew on grape |
| 1495079 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
downy mildew on grape |
| 1495081 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
downy mildew |
| 1495082 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Plamopara viticola; downy mildew |
| 1495083 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Plasmopara viticola; downy mildew expanded infection |
| 1495084 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
downy mildew; later summer and fall infections |
| 1495087 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
Plasmopara viticola; downy mildew |
| 1495091 |
gray mold |
Botrytis cinerea |
botrytis on grape |
| 1495096 |
gray mold |
Botrytis cinerea |
Botrytis on grape; blossum blight |
| 1495099 |
gray mold |
Botrytis cinerea |
Botrytis |
| 1495100 |
gray mold |
Botrytis cinerea |
Botrytis on grape; early season sour rot |
| 1495101 |
gray mold |
Botrytis cinerea |
Botrytis on grape |
| 1495102 |
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot |
Phomopsis viticola |
Phomopsis viticota on grape; dry stem scars |
| 1495103 |
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot |
Phomopsis viticola |
Phomopsis viticota on grape; infected ripe fruit develop a light brown color |
| 1495105 |
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot |
Phomopsis viticola |
Phomopsis viticola on grape; foliar lesions |
| 1495106 |
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot |
Phomopsis viticola |
Phomopsis viticola; cane blight on grape |
| 1495107 |
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot |
Phomopsis viticola |
Phomopsis viticola on grape; initial infections |
| 1495108 |
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot |
Phomopsis viticola |
Phomopsis viticola on grapes; elliptcal lesions at basal internodes |
| 5204082 |
grape flea beetle |
Altica chalybea |
Collection information: Florida: Alachua Co., Gainesville; 29-Mar-89 |
| 5204083 |
grape flea beetle |
Altica chalybea |
Collection information: Florida: Alachua Co., Gainesville; 29-Mar-89 |
| 5222067 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
|
| 5222068 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
|
| 5222069 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
|
| 5222070 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
|
| 5222071 |
black rot |
Guignardia bidwellii |
|
| 5257100 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
|
| 5258001 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
|
| 5258002 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
|
| 5258003 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
|
| 5258004 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
|
| 5258005 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
|
| 0758201 |
grape |
Vitis spp. |
Color infrared aerial photo of a vineyard depicting several disease centers and the effects of soils of different water holding capacities on vine health. |
| 0758202 |
grape |
Vitis spp. |
Color infrared aerial photo of a vineyard showing several centers of disease activity and the effects of soils of varying waterholding capacities on vineyard health |
| 0758203 |
grape |
Vitis spp. |
Color aerial photo of a vineyard showing location of a disease center. |
| 0758204 |
grape |
Vitis spp. |
Color infrared aerial photo of a vineyard showing location of a disease center. |
| 1323071 |
muscadine |
Vitis rotundifolia |
Certain extracts from muscadine grapes suppress breast cancer cell growth. |
| 1235043 |
bitter rot |
Greeneria uvicola |
|
| 1235044 |
bitter rot |
Greeneria uvicola |
|
| 1235145 |
bloof-vein moth |
Timandra griseata |
|
| 1235148 |
bloof-vein moth |
Timandra griseata |
|
| 5026067 |
grape erineum mite |
Colomerus vitis |
|
| 5026068 |
grape erineum mite |
Colomerus vitis |
|
| 1318085 |
fox grape |
Vitis labrusca |
This Concord grape plant was successfully regenerated from a bud that had been cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for several months |
| 1318064 |
sand grape |
Vitis rupestris |
Rock grapes rootstock is important to the U.S. grape industry, since it is resistant to one of the world's most destructive grape pests-phylloxera. |
| 1318065 |
sand grape |
Vitis rupestris |
Botanist Diane Pavek (center, foreground) examines rock grapes growing at a proposed conservation site within. |
| 5083002 |
grape phylloxera |
Daktulosphaira vitifoliae |
old galls in grape leaves. Photo taken October 11, 2006 along Erie Canal, New York |
| 5020063 |
grapevine epimenis |
Psychomorpha epimenis |
|
| 1355010 |
glassy-winged sharpshooter |
Homalodisca vitripennis |
The glassy-winged sharpshooter is the culprit behind the spread of Pierce's disease among grapevines. The insect infects the plant with the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa when it feeds on the sap from the xylem tissue of a vine. |
| 1355050 |
white muscadine disease |
Beauveria bassiana |
Postdoctoral scientist Francisco Posada injects the stem of a coffee seedling with a spore suspension. The fungus attacks a wide range of insects, including the coffee berry borer. |
| 2512038 |
grape phylloxera |
Daktulosphaira vitifoliae |
gall |
| 2512039 |
grape phylloxera |
Daktulosphaira vitifoliae |
gall |
| 1322073 |
grape |
Vitis spp. |
Sweet, juicy grapes, picked a the peak of ripeness, are one of nature's best-tasting treats. In vineyards, greenhouses, and laboratories, ARS scientists seek to bring even better grapes to your shopping cart tomorrow.
The ARS laboratory that developed America's most popular red seedless grape, Flame Seedless, has also offered nurseries and breeders a delicious new black seedless grape. Called Black Emerald, the newcomer is a sweet grape with berries about the size of a dime. The flesh is translucent, firm, and almost crisp.
Also watch the supermarket for Autumn Seedless, a light-green grape that became available to nurseries and growers in 1984. It is ready for harvest about 2 weeks before Thompson Seedless.
Of course, all grapes need to be properly handled. ARS studies of packaging have shown that boxes with a shrink-wrap covering offer the best insurance against loss to disease, weight loss, and shatter (grapes' tendency to drop off the stem). Plastic dome-lid boxes with vent holes are also protective. Net bags, for years considered the preferred packaging, proved the least safeguard of all.
From the East Coast to the vineyards of the Far West, grapes are a growing success story. And, since two ARS gene banks, in Geneva, New York, and Davis, California, are living treasure troves of grape varieties, we expect more juicy developments ahead. |
| 1436098 |
downy mildew |
Plasmopara viticola |
|
| 1435212 |
rose chafer |
Macrodactylus subspinosus |
|
| 2722015 |
grape root borer |
Vitacea polistiformis |
|
| 3057099 |
grape root borer |
Vitacea polistiformis |
female |
| 3057100 |
grape root borer |
Vitacea polistiformis |
& galleries in grape rootstock |
| 3066001 |
grape root borer |
Vitacea polistiformis |
|
